Trial reportDiabetes care2020
Whole-Grain Processing and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Crossover Trial.
Trial report in Diabetes care, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- [WHO guideline on carbohydrate intake for adults and children].Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband der Arzte des Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany)) · 2024Guideline
- The Relationship between Whole-Grain Intake and Measures of Cognitive Decline, Mood, and Anxiety-A Systematic Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- DASH4D diet for glycemic control and glucose variability in type 2 diabetes: a randomized crossover trial.Nature medicine · 2025Trial
- Efficacy of probiotic co-supplementation with omega-3 PUFAs on pancreatic beta-cell function in type 2 diabetes.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Trial
- The acute effects of variations in the flour composition of crackers on the glycemic index and glycemic responses in healthy adults.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Trial
- Efficacy of multigrain supplementation in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A pilot study protocol for a randomized intervention trial.World journal of diabetes · 2023Trial
- Impact of Daily Consumption of Whole-Grain Quinoa-Enriched Bread on Gut Microbiome in Males.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Comparison of associations of intake of ultra-processed and non-ultra-processed whole-grain foods with cardiometabolic risk measures in Australian and US adults.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Sprouted Wheat Improves Liver Metabolism and Inflammation in T2DM Mice: 16S rRNA Gene Sequence, Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology Joint Analysis.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The collapse of the food matrix: how ultra-processed foods impact satiety and metabolism by altering physical structure beyond nutrient composition.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Effectiveness of whole grain to body weight and cardiometabolic risk in adults with obesity: a parallel randomised controlled trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Dietary profiles and associated metabolic risk factors in India from the ICMR-INDIAB survey-21.Nature medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Comparing a Whole Grain Blend with Polished White Rice for Starch Digestibility and Gut Microbiota Fermentation in Diabetic Patients: An In Vitro Study.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Ultra-processed food consumption among adults with prediabetes and diabetes, 2001-2018.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Article
- The Role of the Planetary Diet in Managing Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Glycemic impact of cereal and legume-based bakery products: Implications for chronic disease management.Food chemistry: X · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo consider the effects of whole-grain processing, specifically milling, on glycemic control in free-living adults with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsParticipants of this crossover trial were randomized to two interventions of 2 weeks, separated by washout. They were advised to replace the grain foods they normally consumed with intervention foods. Intervention foods were nutrient-matched whole-grain products of wheat, oats, and brown rice that differed in their degree of processing. No other lifestyle advice was given. Continuous glucose monitoring systems were worn. Other cardiometabolic risk factors and alkylresorcinols (a biomarker of whole-grain intake) were measured pre- and postintervention.
resultsThirty-one adults with type 2 diabetes (63 ± 13 years old, BMI 32.4 ± 7 kg/m
conclusionsConsuming less-processed whole-grain foods over 2 weeks improved measures of glycemia in free-living adults with type 2 diabetes compared with an equivalent amount of whole-grain foods that were finely milled. Dietary advice should promote the consumption of minimally processed whole grains.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.