ArticleDiabetes research and clinical practice2020
Prevalence of microvascular and macrovascular disease in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes - A Comparative Effectiveness (GRADE) Study cohort.
Article in Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT01794143. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2022Guideline
- Inflammatory Markers and Measures of Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in Type 1 Diabetes.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Trial
- Glycemia Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes - Microvascular and Cardiovascular Outcomes.The New England journal of medicine · 2022 · on this mapTrial
- Association of triglyceride glucose index with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Prevalence and concomitance of diabetic peripheral sensory neuropathy and lower limb peripheral arterial disease in type II diabetics and its correlation with obesity.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Biomarkers and signaling pathways of diabetic nephropathy and peripheral neuropathy: possible therapeutic intervention of rutin and quercetin.Diabetology international · 2024Review
- The conundrum of diabetic neuropathies-Past, present, and future.Journal of diabetes and its complications · 2022Review
- Changes in salivary biomarkers associated with periodontitis and diabetic neuropathy in individuals with type 1 diabetes.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Micro-ribonucleic acid modulation with oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus - a review article.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2022Article
- Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in Type 1 Diabetes Is Associated With Disturbances in TCA, Lipid, and Glucose Metabolism.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Utility of using electrocardiogram measures of heart rate variability as a measure of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in type 1 diabetes patients.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2022Observational
- The Prevalence of Diabetic Microvascular Complications in China and the USA.Current diabetes reports · 2021 · on this mapReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 14 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aimsThe Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes - A Comparative Effectiveness (GRADE) trial is a randomized clinical trial comparing glycemic effects of four diabetes medications added to metformin in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Microvascular and macrovascular diseases are secondary outcomes. We evaluated the prevalence and risk factor relationships for microvascular and macrovascular complications in the GRADE cohort at study entry.
methodsComplication prevalence and risk factors were analyzed based on data from screening in all consenting participants meeting GRADE eligibility. Logistic regression and Z-statistics were used to assess risk factor relationships with complications.
resultsWe enrolled 5047 T2D participants [mean age 57 years; 36% female; mean known T2D duration 4 years (all < 10 years); mean HbA1c 8.0% (∼64 mmol/mol) at screening]. Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) ≥ 30 mg/gram was present in 15.9% participants; peripheral neuropathy (by Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument) in 21.5%; cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy by electrocardiography-derived indices in 9.7%; self-reported retinopathy in 1.0%. Myocardial infarction ascertained by self-report or electrocardiogram was present in 7.3%, and self-reported history of stroke in 2.0%.
conclusionsIn the GRADE cohort with < 10 years of T2D and a mean HbA1c of 8.0%, diabetes complications were present in a substantial fraction of participants, more so than might otherwise have been expected.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.