Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32454996›Full record

ReviewCardiology research and practice2020

Alzheimer's Disease and Cardiovascular Disease: A Particular Association.

Giacomo Tini, Riccardo Scagliola, Fiammetta Monacelli, Giovanni La Malfa, Italo Porto, Claudio Brunelli, Gian Marco Rosa

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Cardiology research and practice, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
91citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
11.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

91 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 149 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Genomic and proteomic conversion of brain ischemia to Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Subjective daytime sleepiness, not sleep quality or hypoxia, predicts sleep-dependent memory consolidation in a cohort of older adults.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2025
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Target the Heart: A New Axis of Alzheimer's Disease Prevention.Journal of dementia and alzheimer's disease · 2025
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Giacomo TiniDepartment of Internal Medicine (DIMI) Clinic of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
Riccardo ScagliolaDepartment of Internal Medicine (DIMI) Clinic of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
Fiammetta MonacelliDepartment of Internal Medicine (DIMI) Clinic of Geriatric Diseases, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4303-7252
Giovanni La MalfaDepartment of Internal Medicine (DIMI) Clinic of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
Italo PortoDepartment of Internal Medicine (DIMI) Clinic of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
Claudio BrunelliDepartment of Internal Medicine (DIMI) Clinic of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
Gian Marco RosaDepartment of Internal Medicine (DIMI) Clinic of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0809-2301
Ospedale Policlinico San Martino · ITUniversity of Genoa · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

methodsThis review is based on the material obtained via MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, and Clinical Trials databases, from January 1980 until May 2019. The search term used was "Alzheimer's disease," combined with "cardiovascular disease," "hypertension," "dyslipidaemia," "diabetes mellitus," "atrial fibrillation," "coronary artery disease," "heart valve disease," and "heart failure." Out of the 1,328 papers initially retrieved, 431 duplicates and 216 records in languages other than English were removed. Among the 681 remaining studies, 98 were included in our research material on the basis of the following inclusion criteria: (a) the community-based studies; (b) using standardized diagnostic criteria; (c) reporting raw prevalence data; (d) with separate reported data for sex and age classes.

resultsWhile AD and CVD alone may be considered deleterious to health, the study of their combination constitutes a clinical challenge. Further research will help to clarify the real impact of vascular factors on these diseases. It may be hypothesized that there are various mechanisms underlying the association between AD and CVD, the main ones being hypoperfusion and emboli, atherosclerosis, and the fact that, in both the heart and brain of AD patients, amyloid deposits may be present, thus causing damage to these organs.

conclusionsAD and CVD are frequently associated. Further studies are needed in order to understand the effect of CVD and its risk factors on AD in order to better comprehend the effects of subclinical and clinical CVD on the brain. Finally, we need to clarify the impact of the underlying hypothesized mechanisms of this association and to investigate gender issues.

Identifiers

PMID32454996
PMCPMC7222603
OpenAlexW3022773530

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.