ReviewJournal of leukocyte biology2020
Roles of IL-2 in bridging adaptive and innate immunity, and as a tool for cellular immunotherapy.
Review in Journal of leukocyte biology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Electrochemotherapy of Melanoma Cutaneous Metastases in Organ Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Inflammation and carcinogenesis: molecular targets and small-molecule intervention strategies.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Immunological Determinants of Oncogenic Virus-Driven Cancers in Africa: Mechanisms, Co-Infections and Public Health Challenges.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Effect of Aptamin C on NK Cell Activity and Cytotoxicity: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial and In Vitro Comparison with Vitamin C.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Integrative transcriptomic and systems biology analysis of public SLE datasets identifies immune regulatory pathways.Journal of computer-aided molecular design · 2026Article
- In Vitro Effects of the Three Actives IL-12 (5 CH), IFN-γ (6 CH), and TNF-α (5 CH) from the Micro-Immunotherapy Medicine 2LEID-NCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Safety of Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors in Gene Therapy: Mechanisms of Toxicity, Clinical Risks, and Strategies for Their Minimization.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Comparative immunogenicity and protective efficacy of BECC438 and BECC470 adjuvants in a vaccine formulation againstFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Effects of Yin and Yang supplement on reproductive performance, antioxidant and immunity of dairy goats.Animal biotechnology · 2025Review
- IL-2 and IL-7 Contribution to Immune Response: Effects of Vaccination Against COVID-19 in Adults.Viruses · 2025Article
- "Homeostatic" Cytokines Enhance the Expression of PD-1, Tim-3, and Their Ligands on Myeloid Cells.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2025Article
- Effects of Yeast Cultures on Growth Performance, Fiber Digestibility, Ruminal Dissolved Gases, Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Activity of Beef Cattle.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Article
- Exploring the role of NOD2 variants in pediatric undifferentiated recurrent fever: a clinical and functional perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Reduced plasma levels of GM-CSF is a common feature ofFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Advances in therapeutic cancer vaccines: Harnessing immune adjuvants for enhanced efficacy and future perspectives.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2024Review
- Host cytokine genetic polymorphisms in a selected population of persons living with hepatitis B virus infection in the central region of Ghana.BMC gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Virus-Shaped Mesoporous Silica Nanostars to Improve the Transport of Drugs across the Blood-Brain Barrier.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2024Article
- Article
- Understanding the Mode of Action of a Micro-Immunotherapy Formulation: Pre-Clinical Evidence from the Study of 2LEBVLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
IL-2 was initially characterized as a T cell growth factor in the 1970s, and has been studied intensively ever since. Decades of research have revealed multiple and diverse roles for this potent cytokine, indicating a unique linking role between adaptive and innate arms of the immune system. Here, we review the literature showing that IL-2 is expressed in a plethora of cell types across the immune system, where it has indispensable functions in orchestrating cellular interactions and shaping the nature and magnitude of immune responses. Emerging from the basic research that has revealed the molecular mechanisms and the complexity of the biologic actions of IL-2, several immunotherapeutic approaches have now focused on manipulating the levels of this cytokine in patients. These strategies range from inhibition of IL-2 to achieve immunosuppression, to the application of IL-2 as a vaccine adjuvant and in cancer therapies. This review will systematically summarize the major findings in the field and identify key areas requiring further research in order to realize the potential of IL-2 in the treatment of human diseases.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.