ArticleAnnals of biomedical engineering2021
Tension Strain-Softening and Compression Strain-Stiffening Behavior of Brain White Matter.
Article in Annals of biomedical engineering, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Focused ultrasound-induced cavitation in a human brain microphysiological system produces injury signaling biomarkers consistent with blast trauma.npj biomedical innovations · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of inflammatory response in secondary brain injury: a review of computational approaches, challenges, and future directions.Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology · 2026Review
- Multiscale measurement of brain tissue and cell biomechanics using a mouse model.Biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Measurement force, speed, and postmortem time affect the ratio of CNS gray-to-white-matter elasticity.Biophysical journal · 2025Article
- Optimal experimental design for repeatable hyperelastic material characterization.Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials · 2025Article
- Mechanical characterization of brain tissue: experimental techniques, human testing considerations, and perspectives.Acta biomaterialia · 2025Review
- Exploring hyperelastic material model discovery for human brain cortex: Multivariate analysis vs. artificial neural network approaches.Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials · 2025Article
- Article
- Immersion Phase Separation 3-Dimensional Printing for Strain-Stiffening Hydrogel Scaffolds.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Systematic analysis of constitutive models of brain tissue materials based on compression tests.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Toward understanding the brain tissue behavior due to preconditioning: an experimental study and RVE approach.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- A narrative review of the measurement methods for biomechanical properties of plantar soft tissue in patients with diabetic foot.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Elasticity imaging using physics-informed neural networks: Spatial discovery of elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio.Acta biomaterialia · 2023Article
- Materials science and mechanosensitivity of living matter.Applied physics reviews · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Brain, the most important component of the central nervous system (CNS), is a soft tissue with a complex structure. Understanding the role of brain tissue microstructure in mechanical properties is essential to have a more profound knowledge of how brain development, disease, and injury occur. While many studies have investigated the mechanical behavior of brain tissue under various loading conditions, there has not been a clear explanation for variation reported for material properties of brain tissue. The current study compares the ex-vivo mechanical properties of brain tissue under two loading modes, namely compression and tension, and aims to explain the differences observed by closely examining the microstructure under loading. We tested bovine brain samples under uniaxial tension and compression loading conditions, and fitted hyperelastic material parameters. At 20% strain, we observed that the shear modulus of brain tissue in compression is about 6 times higher than in tension. In addition, we observed that brain tissue exhibited strain-stiffening in compression and strain-softening in tension. In order to investigate the effect of loading modes on the tissue microstructure, we fixed the samples using a novel method that enabled keeping the samples at the loaded stage during the fixation process. Based on the results of histology, we hypothesize that during compressive loading, the strain-stiffening behavior of the tissue could be attributed to glial cell bodies being pushed against surroundings, contacting each other and resisting compression, while during tension, cell connections are detached and the tissue displays softening behavior.
Indexed as
Identifiers
32494967What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.