ReviewAutonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical2020
Human adult cardiac autonomic innervation: Controversies in anatomical knowledge and relevance for cardiac neuromodulation.
Review in Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 43 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Ameliorative Effects of GLP-1RA on Diabetic Cardiac Autonomatic Neuropathy
A Study on the Effect of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist (GLP-1RA) Intervention on Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Publication guidelines for human heart rate and heart rate variability studies in psychophysiology-Part 1: Physiological underpinnings and foundations of measurement.Psychophysiology · 2024Guideline
- The relevance of the superior cervical ganglion for cardiac autonomic innervation in health and disease: a systematic review.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2024Pooled it
- Cardiac sympathetic hyperinnervation after myocardial infarction: a systematic review and qualitative analysis.Annals of medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Cardiac Sympathetic Neuromodulation in the Management of Refractory Electrical Storm: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Paclitaxel-coated balloon treatment is associated with sympathetic coronary denervation in a porcine model.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Cardioneuroablation: A Comprehensive Review.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- SKUF Protocol: Slice, Keep, Unwrap, Fuse-A Pilot Multimodal Approach to Cardiac Innervation Mapping.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Contemporary and Emerging Therapies in the Management of Refractory Angina: A Clinical Review.Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions · 2026Review
- Wearable and Implantable Devices for Continuous Monitoring of Muscle Physiological Activity: A Review.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Transient complete heart block during early ambulation associated with thoracic epidural bupivacaine infusion in the intensive care unit: a case report.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Atrioventricular Junction Ablation with High-Definition Recording of Atrioventricular Node Potential.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Review
- Anatomy, Imaging, and Clinical Significance of the Cervicothoracic (Stellate) Ganglion.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Autonomic dysregulation and atrial arrhythmias.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2025Review
- The versatile use of single-shot and continuous stellate ganglion blockade in the treatment of electrical storm: A case report.HeartRhythm case reports · 2025Article
- Translational approach to ventricular innervation: the posterior descending ganglionated plexus.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2025Article
- Stellate Ganglia: A Key Therapeutic Target for Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmia in Heart Disease.Circulation research · 2025Review
- Cardiometabolic Risk in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Temporal and Geographical Trends.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Exploring Cardiac Sympathetic Denervation in Transthyretin-Mediated Hereditary Amyloidosis (ATTRv): Insights fromDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Nourishment of Nerves and Innervation: A Novel Approach for the Treatment of Myocardial Infarction.Cardiology · 2025Review
- Peri-procedural anesthesia and patient pain experience in pulmonary vein isolation by means of very high-power short-duration radiofrequency ablation.Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCardiac sympathetic blockade is a therapeutic approach for arrhythmias and heart failure and may be a beneficial effect of high thoracic epidural anesthesia. These treatments require detailed knowledge of the spatial location and distribution of cardiac autonomic nerves, however, there are controversies on this subject in humans.
objectiveTo provide a systematic overview of current knowledge on human anatomy of the cardiac autonomic nervous system.
resultsIn contrast to the often claimed assumption that human preganglionic sympathetic cardiac neurons originate mainly from thoracic spinal segments T1-T4 or T5, there is ample evidence indicating involvement of cervical spinal segment C8 and thoracic spinal segments below T5. Whether cervical ganglia besides the stellate ganglion play a role in transmission of cardiac sympathetic signals is unclear. Similarly, there is debate on the origin of cardiac nerves from different thoracic ganglia. Most human studies report thoracic cardiac nerves emerging from the first to fourth thoracic paravertebral ganglia; others report contributions from the fifth, sixth and even the seventh thoracic ganglia. There is no agreement on the precise composition of nerve plexuses at the cardiac level. After years of debate, it is generally accepted that the vagal nerve contributes to ventricular innervation. Vagal distribution appears higher in atria, whereas adrenergic fibers exceed the number of vagal fibers in the ventricles.
conclusionAnatomy of the human cardiac autonomic nervous system is highly variable and likely extends beyond generally assumed boundaries. This information is relevant for thoracic epidural anesthesia and procedures targeting neuronal modulation of cardiac sympathetic innervation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.