ArticleThe Clinical neuropsychologist2021
Demographically-adjusted norms for selected tests of verbal fluency: Results from the Neuropsychological Norms for the US-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) project.
Article in The Clinical neuropsychologist, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Systematic Review of Available Normative Data on Neuropsychological Tests for Spanish Speakers in the U.S., Latin America and the Caribbean, and Spain.Neuropsychology review · 2026Pooled it
- The state of neuropsychological test norms for Spanish-speaking adults in the United States.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2021Pooled it
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- Disparities in Metabolic Syndrome and Neurocognitive Function Among Older Hispanics/Latinos with Human Immunodeficiency Virus.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2024Article
- Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: Efficacy in Improving Clinical, Neuropsychological, and Quality of Life in Women Victims of Violence.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Concurrent validity and reliability of at-home teleneuropsychological evaluations among people with and without HIV.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2023Article
- Clinical Neuropsychological Profile and Quality of Life in Women Who Have Suffered Gender-Based Violence.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Normative Data for Single-Letter Controlled Oral Word Association Test in Older White Australians and Americans, African-Americans, and Hispanic/Latinos.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports · 2023Article
- Regression-Based Normative Data for Independent and Cognitively Active Spanish Older Adults: Verbal Fluency Tests and Boston Naming Test.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Cognitive Health and Differential Cortical Functioning in Dissociative Trance: An Explorative Study About Mediumship.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Neurocognitive impairment in Spanish-speaking Latinos living with HIV in the US: Application of the neuropsychological norms for the US-Mexico border region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS).The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2021Article
- Demographically adjusted normative data for the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test-64 item: Results from the Neuropsychological Norms for the U.S.-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) project.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2021Article
- Demographically-adjusted norms for the WAIS-R Block Design and Arithmetic subtests: Results from the Neuropsychological Norms for the US-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) project.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2021Article
- Demographically-adjusted norms for the paced auditory serial addition test and letter number sequencing test in Spanish-speaking adults: Results from the neuropsychological norms for the U.S.-Mexico border region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) Project.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2021Article
- Demographically-adjusted norms for the Grooved Pegboard and Finger Tapping tests in Spanish-speaking adults: Results from the Neuropsychological Norms for the U.S.-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) Project.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2021Article
- Introduction to the Neuropsychological Norms for the US-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) Project.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2021Article
- The Neuropsychological Norms for the U.S.-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) Project: Overview and considerations for life span research and evidence-based practice.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2021Article
- Demographically adjusted norms for the Trail Making Test in native Spanish speakers: Results from the neuropsychological norms for the US-Mexico border region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) project.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveVerbal fluency tests are sensitive to various disorders affecting the central nervous system and are commonly included in neuropsychological evaluations. We aimed to develop normative data for two verbal fluency tests in a sample of native Spanish-speakers living in the US-Mexico border region.
methodParticipants included 254 adults from the Neuropsychological Norms for the US-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) Project (Age: range = 19-60; Education: range = 0-20, 59% female). Participants completed two verbal fluency tests (i.e., letter [PMR] and semantic/category fluency [Animal Naming]) as part of a larger neuropsychological test battery. We examined linear and nonlinear effects of demographic factors (age, education, and gender) on verbal fluency raw scores, and developed T-scores using fractional polynomial equations controlling for demographics. We also calculated the rates of "impairment" (T-scores < 40) that would be obtained by applying the newly developed norms and available norms for non-Hispanic English-speakers on comparable tests.
resultsThere were positive small effects of age and medium effects of education on verbal fluency raw scores. The normalized distribution of T-scores with the new norms showed expected psychometric properties. However, rates of impairment for both letter and semantic fluency were significantly higher when applying non-Hispanic White norms, and significantly lower when applying non-Hispanic Black norms.
conclusionsWe provide norms for Spanish-speakers living along the US-Mexico border region for two verbal fluency tests that are co-normed with a more extensive neuropsychological battery. These regional norms will improve interpretation of verbal fluency test performance in Spanish-speakers living in the US-Mexico borderland.
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