ArticleInflammation2020
PM2.5 Exposure Induces Inflammatory Response in Macrophages via the TLR4/COX-2/NF-κB Pathway.
Article in Inflammation, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Toxicological Effects of Air Pollutants on Human Airway Cell Models Using Air-liquid Interface Systems: A Systematic Review.Current environmental health reports · 2025Pooled it
- The impact of particulate matter 2.5 on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2022Pooled it
- PM2.5 Exacerbates Viral Myocarditis by Disrupting Lysophosphatidylcholine Metabolism and Inhibiting the GPR4/ERK/PPARγ Pathway.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2026Article
- Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction of citrus pomace yields dietary fiber-rich extract with skin-protective effects.Journal of the science of food and agriculture · 2026Article
- Senolytics Reverse PMCardiovascular toxicology · 2026Article
- The cell with many faces: lung macrophage plasticity and function in response to environmental and pathogenic insults.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Article
- Airborne Particulate Matter as an Emerging Driver of Gastric Carcinogenesis: Molecular Pathways Linking Inflammation and Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Elevated lactate production exacerbates PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis by stabilizing TGF-β1.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- A comprehensive review on the role of PM2.5 in modulating transplant immunity and graft survival.Particle and fibre toxicology · 2026Review
- ANKRD22 contributes to NF-κB-associated inflammatory responses in alveolar type II epithelial cells during PMFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Synergistic Protective Effects ofMarine drugs · 2025Article
- Molecular mechanisms of air pollution-induced carcinogenesis and the emerging role of microplastics.Human genomics · 2025Review
- Short‑term effects of ambient air pollution exposure on hospital emergency room visits for atrial fibrillation: a nationwide cohort study.International journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature · 2025Article
- [PM2.5-induced M2 Polarization and IL-1α Secretion by Tumor-associated Macrophages Promotes Lung Adenocarcinoma Progression].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2025Article
- Article
- Increasing temporal sensitivity of omics association studies with epigenome-wide distributed lag models.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Synergistic impact of air pollution and artificial light at night on memory disorders: a nationwide cohort analysis.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Environmental pollution and human fertility: investigating the relationship between PM2.5 exposure and assisted reproductive technology outcomes.BMC public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) is a serious air pollutant associated with health problems. Macrophages play an important role in the process of PM2.5-induced inflammation in respiratory diseases. However, the detailed mechanism remains unclear. We aimed to examine the mechanism of PM2.5-induced inflammation and find possible anti-inflammatory inhibitors. PM2.5 was collected in Hangzhou, China, and the composition of adsorbed materials on PM2.5 was characterized. RAW 254.7 cells were then treated with PM2.5. Phagocytosis was observed, and inflammatory response was triggered as demonstrated by the release of high levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and increased mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and TNF-α. Treatment with classic inhibitors suppressed the released pro-inflammatory factors in a dose-dependent manner. Using Immunology Inflammation Compound Library, we screened 70 inhibitors and clustered them based on similarities in their inhibitory effects, which we detected using cytometric bead array (CBA) assay. Molecular analysis revealed that the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was increased in PM2.5-stimulated RAW 254.7 cells. Corresponding inhibitors were selected, and the CBA assay verified their anti-inflammatory effects. These inhibitors reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory factors, and this reduction was correlated with the downregulation of the TLR4/NF-κB/COX-2 signaling pathway. In conclusion, PM2.5 induces an inflammatory response in macrophages via activation of TLR4/NF-κB/COX-2 signaling, and the inhibitors of this pathway are potential therapeutic candidates to treat inflammatory disorders.
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Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.