ArticleFrontiers in neuroscience2020
Inhibition of TLR4 Induces M2 Microglial Polarization and Provides Neuroprotection via the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Alzheimer's Disease.
Article in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 131 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
131 citing papers in PubMed, 212 citations in OpenAlex.
- Active abdominal compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation attenuates neuroinflammation associated with TLR4/NF-κB signaling in a rat model of cardiac arrest.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- A metabolic perspective on microglia in Alzheimer's disease.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Phillyrin Alleviates Memory Impairment in D-Galactose-Induced Aged Mice by Suppressing Hippocampal Neuroinflammation via the TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Neuroimmune Regulation of NLRP3 Signalling in Parkinson's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Mechanistic insights into anti-parkinson effect of baicalein: from neuroinflammation and cell death to neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) in neuroinflammation: From acute hemorrhagic stroke to chronic neurodegeneration.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2026Review
- Decoding neuroinflammation: the critical role of NLRP3 inflammasome in Alzheimer's disease.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Adenosine A2A Receptor Contributes to Bidirectional Remodeling of Microglial Inflammatory Responses During Methamphetamine Exposure.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Bifunctional glycolipids targeting TLR4·MD-2 and short pentraxins.RSC chemical biology · 2026Article
- microRNA-132 attenuates inflammation in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia from Alzheimer's disease patients.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2026Article
- SSEA3 and CD105 positivity are associated with the treatment potency of human neural crest-derived nasal turbinate stem cells for Alzheimer's disease.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Article
- The Immuno-Glial Connectome in Alzheimer's Disease: Integrating Central and Peripheral Inflammatory Networks.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease-associated sensory dysfunction: mechanistic links, actionable targets and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- TLR4 mediates post-traumatic depression via kynurenine pathway activation in a murine traumatic brain injury model.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Neuroprotective role of bilirubin in Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Taking its TOLL: the role of toll-like receptor 4 in human health and disease, and its potential as a therapeutic target.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Dietary dihydroquercetin alleviates age-related cognitive impairment in association with modulation of apoptosis and pyroptosis pathways.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Direct toll-like receptor 4 inhibition in Alzheimer's disease models: a focused scoping review of inflammatory, amyloid-handling, and functional outcomes.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- TLRs and NLRs modulate oral microbiome involvement in Alzheimer's disease.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Review
- Glial Cells in the Early Stages of Neurodegeneration: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Targets.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
71 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has indicated that activation of microglia and neuroinflammation reaction play a prominent role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been shown to be associated with immune responses and brain damage, but its effects on AD remain unclear. This study mainly aimed to investigate the protective effect of TAK-242 (TLR4-specific inhibitor) on microglial polarization and neuroprotection in an AD mouse model and the underlying mechanisms. We found that APP/PS1 transgenic AD mice exhibited a dramatic increase in TLR4 levels concomitant with a significantly higher expression of inflammatory microglia compared to C57BL/6 wild-type mice. Furthermore, inhibition of TLR4 by TAK-242 administration significantly improved neurological function, decreased the level of Bax, and caused a significant reduction in the levels of M1-markers (iNOS and TNFα), while the expressions of M2-phenotype markers (Trem-2 and Arg-1) were increased both
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.