ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Beyond Macrophages and T Cells: B Cells and Immunoglobulins Determine the Fate of the Atherosclerotic Plaque.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01327846 (A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Event-driven Trial of Quarterly Subcutaneous Canakinumab in the Prevention of Recurrent Cardiovascular Events Among Stable Post-myocardial Infarction Patients With Elevated hsCRP), which is not on this map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Event-driven Trial of Quarterly Subcutaneous Canakinumab in the Prevention of Recurrent Cardiovascular Events Among Stable Post-myocardial Infarction Patients With Elevated hsCRP
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nanomaterials-Based Immunotherapy for Atherosclerosis.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Neu5Ac promotes high-fat diet-induced progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice.Experimental animals · 2026Article
- Lipid Metabolism and Relevance to Chronic Disease.Nutrients · 2025Article
- The role of immunoglobins in atherosclerosis development; friends or foe?Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2025Review
- Canonical and non-canonical roles of complement in atherosclerosis.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2024Review
- Article
- B cells and atherosclerosis: A HIV perspective.Journal of cellular physiology · 2024Review
- Unraveling the Role of Endothelial Dysfunction in Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Pathway to New Therapies.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Causal relationship between immune cells and risk of myocardial infarction: evidence from a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- Moving from lipids to leukocytes: inflammation and immune cells in atherosclerosis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Methazolamide Can Treat Atherosclerosis by Increasing Immunosuppressive Cells and Decreasing Expressions of Genes Related to Proinflammation, Calcification, and Tissue Remodeling.Journal of immunology research · 2024Article
- Role of Treg cell subsets in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Worsening Thrombotic Complication of Atherosclerotic Plaques Due to Neutrophils Extracellular Traps: A Systematic Review.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Circulating Regulatory B-Lymphocytes in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Pilot Study.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2022Article
- Article
- Inflammation and atherosclerosis: signaling pathways and therapeutic intervention.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2022Review
- Modulation of mTOR Signaling in Cardiovascular Disease to Target Acute and Chronic Inflammation.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
- Difference of immune cell infiltration between stable and unstable carotid artery atherosclerosis.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2021Article
- Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2-Questions and Experiences.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- Convalescent plasma therapy and mortality in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU: a prospective observational study.Annals of intensive care · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) leading to myocardial infarction and stroke remains worldwide the main cause for mortality. Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques are responsible for these life-threatening clinical endpoints. Atherosclerosis is a chronic, complex, inflammatory disease with interactions between metabolic dysfunction, dyslipidemia, disturbed microbiome, infectious triggers, vascular, and immune cells. Undoubtedly, the immune response is a most important piece of the pathological puzzle in AS. Although macrophages and T cells have been the focus of research in recent years, B cells producing antibodies and regulating T and natural killer (NKT) cell activation are more important than formerly thought. New results show that the B cells exert a prominent role with atherogenic and protective facets mediated by distinct B cell subsets and different immunoglobulin effects. These new insights come, amongst others, from observations of the effects of innovative B cell targeted therapies in autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These diseases associate with AS, and the beneficial side effects of B cell subset depleting (modifying) therapies on atherosclerotic concomitant disease, have been observed. Moreover, the CANTOS study (NCT01327846) showed impressive results of immune-mediated inflammation as a new promising target of action for the fight against atherosclerotic endpoints. This review will reflect the putative role of B cells in AS in an attempt to connect observations from animal models with the small spectrum of the thus far available human data. We will also discuss the clinical therapeutic potency of B cell modulations on the process of AS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.