ReviewRedox biology2020
Mechanisms of action of metformin in type 2 diabetes: Effects on mitochondria and leukocyte-endothelium interactions.
Review in Redox biology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 109 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
109 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 186 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of metformin therapy on serum thyrotropin and free thyroxine concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- The effect of metformin on ameliorating neurological function deficits and tissue damage in rats following spinal cord injury: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Aberrant mitochondria in endometriosis: From pathogenic mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities.iScience · 2026Review
- Metabolic and redox adaptations of the corneal endothelium: From metabolic plasticity to therapeutic opportunities.Redox biology · 2026Review
- Metformin treatment impairs the adenine nucleotide translocator activity and energy metabolism in human clear cell renal carcinoma cells.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Reliable discrimination of type 1 and type 2 diabetes by flow-through leukocyte-endothelium interactions exploiting advanced hydrodynamic detection parameters.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Clemastine Restores Myelination Protein Expression in S16 Schwann Cells by Enhancing AMPK Activation and Reducing HBiomolecules & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Intracellular Pharmacokinetics of Antidiabetic Drugs: A Focused Narrative Review of Subcellular Distribution (2015-2025).Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Multifaceted elucidation of aminoguanidine in protecting against diabetes-induced vascular endothelial injury.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2026Article
- Versatile smart hydrogels for spatiotemporal drug delivery to orchestrate diabetic bone regeneration.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Metformin-associated lactic acidosis in an elderly diabetic patient without classical risk factors: a case report.Therapeutic advances in drug safety · 2026Article
- Altered mitochondrial functionality in metabolic disorders: insights fromFrontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Evaluation of Potential Anti-Diabetic Synbiotic Formulation ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Serum Antioxidant Activity in Type 2 Diabetes and Prediabetes: Links with Nutritional and Anthropometric Factors-Preliminary Studies.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Impact of reactive oxygen species on bone regeneration in diabetes: Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Redox biology · 2025Review
- Inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis in type 2 diabetes by metformin: complementary role of nitric oxide.Medical gas research · 2025Review
- Inflammation and immune biomarkers: new frontiers in understanding and managing diabetes complications.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Redox Homeostasis in Metabolic Syndrome and Type II Diabetes: Role of Skeletal Muscle and Impact of Gold-Standard Treatments.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Molecular Biomarkers and Therapeutic Approach of Patients with Diabetes and Obstructive Sleep Apnea.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- RuvidarViruses · 2025Article
49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a very prevalent, multisystemic, chronic metabolic disorder closely related to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. It is characterised by mitochondrial dysfunction and the presence of oxidative stress. Metformin is one of the safest and most effective anti-hyperglycaemic agents currently employed as first-line oral therapy for T2D. It has demonstrated additional beneficial effects, unrelated to its hypoglycaemic action, on weight loss and several diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders and metabolic diseases, including thyroid diseases. Despite the vast clinical experience gained over several decades of use, the mechanism of action of metformin is still not fully understood. This review provides an overview of the existing literature concerning the beneficial mitochondrial and vascular effects of metformin, which it exerts by diminishing oxidative stress and reducing leukocyte-endothelium interactions. Specifically, we describe the molecular mechanisms involved in metformin's effect on gluconeogenesis, its capacity to interfere with major metabolic pathways (AMPK and mTORC1), its action on mitochondria and its antioxidant effects. We also discuss potential targets for therapeutic intervention based on these molecular actions.
Indexed as
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.