ArticleBiophysical journal2020
Pulsed Electric Fields Can Create Pores in the Voltage Sensors of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels.
Article in Biophysical journal, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Peculiarities of Phosphatidylserine Externalization by Nano- and Microsecond Electric Pulses.The Journal of membrane biology · 2026Article
- Focal pulsed field ablation for atrial tachycardia near the phrenic nerve: a two-case experience.Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing · 2026Article
- NaThe Journal of membrane biology · 2026Article
- Novel Combination of Irreversible Electroporation and Allogenic Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy Synergizes Therapeutic Outcomes in a Preclinical Human Pancreatic Cancer Mouse Model.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Advent of Pulsed Field Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: State-of-the-Art Review.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Protein-mediated electroporation: Pore formation in a calcium voltage-sensing domain induced by positive and negative nanosecond pulsed electric fields.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2025Article
- Leveraging electric current stimulation and chemical induction to enhance MSC differentiation into cardiomyocytes.Regenerative medicine · 2025Article
- Pulsed field ablation in medicine: irreversible electroporation and electropermeabilization theory and applications.Radiology and oncology · 2025Review
- Pulsed Electric Field Treatment of Sweet Potatoes to Reduce Oil and Acrylamide in Kettle Chips.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Power-Driven Electroporation Is Predictive of Treatment Outcomes in a Conductivity-Independent Manner.BME frontiers · 2025Article
- Simulation of electroporation threshold based on the evolution of transmembrane potential and pore density.PeerJ · 2025Article
- Integrated Time Nanosecond Pulse Irreversible Electroporation (INSPIRE): Assessment of Dose, Temperature, and Voltage on Experimental and Clinical Treatment Outcomes.IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering · 2024Article
- Genetically engineered HEK cells as a valuable tool for studying electroporation in excitable cells.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Inactivation of antibiotic-resistant bacteriaFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Voltage-gated ion channels as novel regulators of epithelial ion transport in the osmoregulatory organs of insects.Frontiers in insect science · 2024Review
- Protein-Mediated Electroporation in a Cardiac Voltage-Sensing Domain Due to an nsPEF Stimulus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Identification of Proteins Involved in Cell Membrane Permeabilization by Nanosecond Electric Pulses (nsEP).International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Domain- and state-specific shape of the electric field tunes voltage sensing in voltage-gated sodium channels.Biophysical journal · 2023Article
- Article
- Ion channels as molecular targets of glioblastoma electrotherapy.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pulsed electric fields are increasingly used in medicine to transiently increase the cell membrane permeability via electroporation to deliver therapeutic molecules into the cell. One type of event that contributes to this increase in membrane permeability is the formation of pores in the membrane lipid bilayer. However, electrophysiological measurements suggest that membrane proteins are affected as well, particularly voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs). The molecular mechanisms by which the electric field could affects these molecules remain unidentified. In this study, we used molecular dynamics simulations to unravel the molecular events that take place in different VGICs when exposing them to electric fields mimicking electroporation conditions. We show that electric fields can induce pores in the voltage-sensor domains (VSDs) of different VGICs and that these pores form more easily in some channels than in others. We demonstrate that poration is more likely in VSDs that are more hydrated and are electrostatically more favorable for the entry of ions. We further show that pores in VSDs can expand into so-called complex pores, which become stabilized by lipid headgroups. Our results suggest that such complex pores are considerably more stable than conventional lipid pores, and their formation can lead to severe unfolding of VSDs from the channel. We anticipate that such VSDs become dysfunctional and unable to respond to changes in transmembrane voltage, which is in agreement with previous electrophysiological measurements showing a decrease in the voltage-dependent transmembrane ionic currents after pulse treatment. Finally, we discuss the possibility of activation of VGICs by submicrosecond-duration pulses. Overall, our study reveals a new, to our knowledge, mechanism of electroporation through membranes containing VGICs.
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