ArticleBritish journal of cancer2020
Gremlin-1 augments the oestrogen-related receptor α signalling through EGFR activation: implications for the progression of breast cancer.
Article in British journal of cancer, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- A dose-finding population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model of ginisortamab, an anti-gremlin-1 monoclonal antibody, in patients with solid tumours.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Article
- A paracrine-to-autocrine shunt of GREM1 fuels colorectal cancer metastasis via ACVR1C.Molecular cancer · 2026Article
- Integrated Proteogenomic Characterization Identifies Breast Cancer Immune Subgroups and Subtype-Specific Therapeutic Strategies.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Dihydrotestosterone and 17β-estradiol modulate TMJ osteoarthritis development and reveal sex-specific differences in pathogenesis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Ex.50.T aptamer impairs tumor-stroma cross-talk in breast cancer by targeting gremlin-1.Cell death discovery · 2025Article
- Conditional Deletion of Gremlin-1 in Cathepsin K-expressing Mature Osteoclasts Altered the Skeletal Response to Calcium Depletion in Sex-Dependent Manner.Calcified tissue international · 2025Article
- Interpretable artificial intelligence based on immunoregulation-related genes predicts prognosis and immunotherapy response in lung adenocarcinoma.Frontiers in bioinformatics · 2025Article
- Gremlin1: a BMP antagonist with therapeutic potential in Oncology.Investigational new drugs · 2024Review
- Gremlin-2 is a novel tumor suppressor that negatively regulates ID1 in breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2024Article
- Mapping and tracing Grem1iScience · 2024Article
- Angiogenic and Fibrogenic Dual-effect of Gremlin1 on Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.International journal of biological sciences · 2024Article
- GREM1 signaling in cancer: tumor promotor and suppressor?Journal of cell communication and signaling · 2023Article
- The inhibitory effect of Gremlin-2 on adipogenesis suppresses breast cancer cell growth and metastasis.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2023Article
- Current status and prospects of GREM1 research in cancer (Review).Molecular and clinical oncology · 2023Review
- GREM1 is a potential biomarker for the progression and prognosis of bladder cancer.World journal of surgical oncology · 2023Article
- Discovery of Targets for Immune-Metabolic Antitumor Drugs Identifies Estrogen-Related Receptor Alpha.Cancer discovery · 2023Article
- Aberrant expression of bone morphogenetic proteins in the disease progression and metastasis of breast cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Variational Bayes for high-dimensional proportional hazards models with applications within gene expression.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2022Article
- Gremlin-1 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Cell Metastasis by Activating ATF6 and Inhibiting ATF4 Pathways.Cells · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGremlin-1 (GREM1), one of the bone morphogenetic protein antagonists, is involved in organogenesis, tissue differentiation and kidney development. However, the role of GREM1 in cancer progression and its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.
methodsThe role of GREM1 in breast cancer progression was assessed by measuring cell viability, colony formation, 3D tumour spheroid formation/invasion and xenograft tumour formation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, a luciferase reporter assay and flow cytometry were performed to investigate the molecular events in which GREM1 is involved.
resultsGREM1 expression was elevated in breast cancer cells and tissues obtained from breast cancer patients. Its overexpression was associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients, especially those with oestrogen receptor (ER)-negative tumours. GREM1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cells and xenograft mammary tumour growth, while its overexpression enhanced their viability, growth and invasiveness. Oestrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), an orphan nuclear hormone receptor, directly interacted with the GREM1 promoter and increased the expression of GREM1. GREM1 also enhanced the promoter activity of ESRRA encoding ERRα, comprising a positive feedback loop. Notably, GREM1 bound to and activated EGFR, a well-known upstream regulator of ERRα.
conclusionsOur study suggests that the GREM1-ERRα axis can serve as a potential therapeutic target in the management of cancer, especially ER-negative tumour.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.