Trial reportBMJ open diabetes research & care2020
Effect of treatment with exenatide and pioglitazone or basal-bolus insulin on diabetic neuropathy: a substudy of the Qatar Study.
Trial report in BMJ open diabetes research & care, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effects of non-insulin anti-diabetic medications on the diabetic microvascular complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on neurological complications of diabetes.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2023Pooled it
- Exploring the Role of GLP-1 Agents in Managing Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Narrative and Systematic Review.Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair SocietyPooled it
- Insulin resistance limits corneal nerve regeneration in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing intensive glycemic control.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2021Trial
- Painful diabetic neuropathy is associated with increased nerve regeneration in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing intensive glycemic control.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2021Trial
- Using corneal confocal microscopy to compare Mecobalamin intramuscular injections vs oral tablets in treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a RCT.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Bridging gaps in diabetic neuropathy care: A Delphi-based regional consensus from the Gulf Cooperation Council.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026Review
- Therapeutic potential of GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors in diabetic neuropathy: a critical appraisal.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Review
- Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Chronic Pain: Preclinical Antinociceptive Mechanisms, Indirect Metabolic-Functional Effects, and Clinical Considerations-A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Bioenergetic failure in diabetic peripheral neuropathy: from glucotoxicity to multidimensional metabolic imbalance.Journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Mechanisms, translational opportunities for diabetic polyneuropathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Diabetic dry eye: advances in pathogenesis, diagnostic strategies, and therapeutic approaches.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Methods for the evaluation of corneal nerve fibres in diabetes mellitus by in vivo confocal microscopy: a scoping review.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Differential Impact of Metabolic Factors and Comorbidities on Peripheral Neuropathy.Journal of the peripheral nervous system : JPNS · 2025Article
- Alterations in Corneal Nerve Structure and Function in Prediabetes.Journal of diabetes research · 2025Article
- Recent advances and prospects of nanoparticle-based drug delivery for diabetic ocular complications.Theranostics · 2025Review
- Glucose-lowering medication associated with weight loss may limit the progression of diabetic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes.Journal of the peripheral nervous system : JPNS · 2024Article
- Case report: Nerve fiber regeneration in children with melanocortin 4 receptor gene mutation related obesity treated with semaglutide.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Sustained corneal nerve loss predicts the development of diabetic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 9 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionTo assess the effect of exenatide and pioglitazone or basal-bolus insulin on diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsThis is a substudy of the Qatar Study, an open-label, randomized controlled trial. 38 subjects with poorly controlled T2D were studied at baseline and 1-year follow-up and 18 control subjects were assessed at baseline only. A combination of exenatide (2 mg/week) and pioglitazone (30 mg/day) or glargine with aspart insulin were randomly assigned to patients to achieve an HbA1c <53 mmol/mol (<7%). DPN was assessed with corneal confocal microscopy (CCM), DN4, vibration perception and sudomotor function.
resultsSubjects with T2D had reduced corneal nerves, but other DPN measures were comparable with the control group. In the combination treatment arm (n=21), HbA1c decreased by 35.2 mmol/mol (3.8 %) (p<0.0001), body weight increased by 5.6 kg (p<0.0001), corneal nerve branch density increased (p<0.05), vibration perception worsened (p<0.05), and DN4 and sudomotor function showed no change. In the insulin treatment arm, HbA1c decreased by 28.7 mmol/mol (2.7 %) (p<0.0001), body weight increased by 4.6 kg (p<0.01), corneal nerve branch density and fiber length increased (p≤0.01), vibration perception improved (p<0.01), and DN4 and sudomotor function showed no change. There was no association between the change in CCM measures with change in HbA1c, weight or lipids.
conclusionsTreatment with exenatide and pioglitazone or basal-bolus insulin results in corneal nerve regeneration, but no change in neuropathic symptoms or sudomotor function over 1 year.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.