ArticleEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority2019
Guidance on harmonised methodologies for human health, animal health and ecological risk assessment of combined exposure to multiple chemicals.
Article in EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 229 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
229 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Private, public, and bottled drinking water: Shared contaminant-mixture exposures and effects challenge.Environment international · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Quantifying synergistic interactions: a meta-analysis of joint effects of chemical and parasitic stressors.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Evaluating the combined toxicity of Penicillium mycotoxins in absorption, metabolism, and excretion systems.Journal of the science of food and agriculture · 2026Article
- Predicting the Toxicity In Silico of the Aqueous Extract ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Review
- CSTAP: An Event-Conditioned Protocol for Toxicological Activation Potential in Coastal Sediments.Toxics · 2026Article
- Multi-mycotoxin biomonitoring in Italian adults: Revealing the connection between diet habits and mycotoxin exposure.Environment international · 2026Article
- Risk Assessment Models for Heated Tobacco Products.Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2026Article
- Overview of Current Regulatory and Methodological Approaches for the Risk Assessment of Mycotoxins.Toxins · 2026Review
- Update of the risk assessment on emerging and novel brominated flame retardants in food.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026Article
- Endocrine-disrupting chemicals in aquatic ecosystems and their impacts on aquatic organisms and humans with advances in detection and remediation.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2026Review
- Scientific Basis of Tolerable Daily Intake Derivation in Japan: Analysis of Study Types, Uncertainty Factors, and Critical Effect Levels in FSCJ Risk Assessment Reports.Food safety (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Pesticides and Trace Element Residues in Honey from Northern Croatia.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Pesticide prioritization based on risk and model diet proposals for assessing cumulative exposure to pesticide residues in the Brazilian population through food consumption.Pest management science · 2026Article
- Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an extract from the dried leaves ofEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026Article
- Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of a proanthocyanidin-rich dry extract from the fruit ofEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026Article
- Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil derived from the flowering aerial parts ofEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026Article
- Review
- Risk Assessment of Chemical Mixtures in Foods: A Comprehensive Methodological and Regulatory Review.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
169 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
34 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This Guidance document describes harmonised risk assessment methodologies for combined exposure to multiple chemicals for all relevant areas within EFSA's remit, i.e. human health, animal health and ecological areas. First, a short review of the key terms, scientific basis for combined exposure risk assessment and approaches to assessing (eco)toxicology is given, including existing frameworks for these risk assessments. This background was evaluated, resulting in a harmonised framework for risk assessment of combined exposure to multiple chemicals. The framework is based on the risk assessment steps (problem formulation, exposure assessment, hazard identification and characterisation, and risk characterisation including uncertainty analysis), with tiered and stepwise approaches for both whole mixture approaches and component-based approaches. Specific considerations are given to component-based approaches including the grouping of chemicals into common assessment groups, the use of dose addition as a default assumption, approaches to integrate evidence of interactions and the refinement of assessment groups. Case studies are annexed in this guidance document to explore the feasibility and spectrum of applications of the proposed methods and approaches for human and animal health and ecological risk assessment. The Scientific Committee considers that this Guidance is fit for purpose for risk assessments of combined exposure to multiple chemicals and should be applied in all relevant areas of EFSA's work. Future work and research are recommended.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.