ReviewToxins2020
Immune Dysfunction in Uremia 2020.
Review in Toxins, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 115 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
115 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 154 citations in OpenAlex.
- Organ involvement and laboratory abnormalities associated with tuberculosis disease in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Pemphigoid diseases in patients with end-stage kidney diseases: pathogenesis and treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Coronavirus-associated kidney outcomes in COVID-19, SARS, and MERS: a meta-analysis and systematic review.Renal failure · 2020Pooled it
- Cause-Specific Mortality in Patients With Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease in the ISCHEMIA-CKD Trial.JACC. Cardiovascular interventions · 2023Trial
- The Impact of Severe Albuminuria on the Proinflammatory Monocyte Subset CD14++CD16+ and Antigen-Specific Immune Responses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Combined Docosahexaenoic Acid and Captopril Treatment Attenuates Indole Acetic Acid Induced Cardiovascular Injury in Chronic Kidney Disease.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Article
- Risk Factors for Secondary Immunodeficiency in the Aged.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2026Review
- Association of IgG N-Glycans With Adverse Outcomes in CKD.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- Signal detection and analysis of adverse events associated with sevelamer post-marketing based on the FAERS database.Medicine · 2026Article
- CutaneousInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Death and ICU Admission Associated with Sars-Cov-2 Variants in Immunocompromised Hospitalised Individuals: A National Observational Study.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Autoreactive antibody production by intrarenal B cells in mouse kidney allograft rejection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Hematological and immune cell changes in complete blood count before and after hemodialysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Observational
- Rapid Molecular Diagnostics for Bloodstream Infection in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Recurrent, Nonrecurrent, and De Novo Membranous Nephropathy After Kidney Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Kidney medicine · 2026Article
- Resolving Inflammation in CKD: The Potential of SPMs and Omega-3 Derivatives as Biomarkers and Therapeutics.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Factors Affecting Oncological Outcomes in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Kidney Disease as a Driver of Immunosenescence: Mechanisms and Potential Interventions.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2026Review
- Influenza Vaccine Immunogenicity in Hemodialysis Patients.Vaccines · 2026Article
55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease and infections are major causes for the high incidence of morbidity and mortality of patients with chronic kidney disease. Both complications are directly or indirectly associated with disturbed functions or altered apoptotic rates of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, and dendritic cells. Normal responses of immune cells can be reduced, leading to infectious diseases or pre-activated/primed, giving rise to inflammation and subsequently to cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes the impact of kidney dysfunction on the immune system. Renal failure results in disturbed renal metabolic activities with reduced renin, erythropoietin, and vitamin D production, which adversely affects the immune system. Decreased kidney function also leads to reduced glomerular filtration and the retention of uremic toxins. A large number of uremic toxins with detrimental effects on immune cells have been identified. Besides small water-soluble and protein-bound compounds originating from the intestinal microbiome, several molecules in the middle molecular range, e.g., immunoglobulin light chains, retinol-binding protein, the neuropeptides Met-enkephalin and neuropeptide Y, endothelin-1, and the adipokines leptin and resistin, adversely affect immune cells. Posttranslational modifications such as carbamoylation, advanced glycation products, and oxidative modifications contribute to uremic toxicity. Furthermore, high-density lipoprotein from uremic patients has an altered protein profile and thereby loses its anti-inflammatory properties.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.