ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Immune Cells and Mediators, Prognostic Factors, and Immune-Therapeutic Implications.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- EULAR/PReS recommendations for the diagnosis and management of Still's disease, comprising systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and adult-onset Still's disease.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2024Guideline
- The effect of Ulinastatin on postoperative course in cardiopulmonary bypass patients in Asia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2022Pooled it
- A systematic review on SARS-CoV-2-associated fungal coinfections.Journal of medical virology · 2022Pooled it
- Alterations in the Placenta Following Vaccination and Infection with SARS-CoV-2 During Pregnancy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Pathology of Red Blood Cells in Patients with SARS-CoV-2.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Treatment for Covid-19 with SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody BRII-196(Ambavirumab) plus BRII-198(Lomisivir): a retrospective cohort study.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2024Article
- Association of Serum Complement C3 Levels with Severity and Mortality in COVID 19.Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB · 2023Article
- An inactivated recombinant rabies virus chimerically expressed RBD induces humoral and cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and RABV.Virologica Sinica · 2023Article
- Advances in attractive therapeutic approach for macrophage activation syndrome in COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Pharmacological potential ofFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- The Impact of Curcumin on Immune Response: An Immunomodulatory Strategy to Treat Sepsis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- IL-33 and the Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: From a Potential Immunological Relationship towards Precision Medicine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Coronavirus disease 2019 and pityriasis rosea: A review of the immunological connection.The Journal of dermatology · 2022Review
- COVID-19 imparted immune manifestation can be combated by NLGP: Lessons from cancer research.Cytokine · 2022Article
- Can natural products modulate cytokine storm in SARS-CoV2 patients?Biotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2022Review
- Multi-Target Effects of ß-Caryophyllene and Carnosic Acid at the Crossroads of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neurodegeneration: From Oxidative Stress to Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Effect of Urinary Trypsin Inhibitor (Ulinastatin) Therapy in COVID-19.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2022Article
- Clinical data mining reveals Gancao-Banxia as a potential herbal pair against moderate COVID-19 by dual binding to IL-6/STAT3.Computers in biology and medicine · 2022Article
- Involvement of Il-33 in the Pathogenesis and Prognosis of Major Respiratory Viral Infections: Future Perspectives for Personalized Therapy.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Molecular and Clinical Prognostic Biomarkers of COVID-19 Severity and Persistence.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The present is a comprehensive review of the immunopathology of Covid-19. The immune reaction to SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized by differentiation and proliferation of a variety of immune cells with immune mediator production and release, and activation of other pathogen resistance mechanisms. We fully address the humoral and cellular immune changes induced by the virus, with particular emphasis on the role of the "cytokine storm" in the evolution of the disease. Moreover, we also propose some immune alterations (i.e., inflammatory parameters, cytokines, leukocytes and lymphocyte subpopulations) as prognostic markers of the disease. Furthermore, we discuss how immune modifying drugs, such as tocilizumab, chloroquine, glucocorticoids and immunoglobulins, and blood purification therapy, can constitute a fundamental moment in the therapy of the infection. Finally, we made a critical analysis of a number of substances, not yet utilized, but potentially useful in SARS-CoV-2 patients, such as IFN lambda, TNF blockers, ulinastatin, siponimod, tacrolimus, mesenchymal stem cells, inhibitors of mononuclear macrophage recruitment, IL-1 family antagonists, JAK-2 or STAT-3 inhibitors.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.