Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32665641›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Cardiology2020

SGLT2 inhibitors: mechanisms of cardiovascular benefit beyond glycaemic control.

Martin R Cowie, Miles Fisher

2 registry-linked trialsAbstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Cardiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 413 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
413citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
56.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04717986 nacompletedstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Dapagliflozin Effects on Mayor Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction (DAPA-AMI). Randomized Clinical Trial

Ran2021Enrolled188Registered outcomes5Posted comparisons0ConditionsAcute Myocardial Infarction, Angina, Unstable, Cardiovascular Morbidity, Heart FailureArmsDapagliflozin 10mg Tab, Placebo
PMID 28605608PMID 30990260PMID 31535829PMID 10987628PMID 23473396PMID 23040488PMID 19553646PMID 23533715PMID 17951284PMID 26378978other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
NCT06812429 early_phase1completednot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Effects of Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors on Inflammation

TypeinterventionalSponsorWashington University School of MedicineRan2024 to 2025Enrolled6ConditionsInflammationArmsDapagliflozin (DAPA)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

413 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 755 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Efficacy and Safety of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Heart Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses.American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 2026
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  13. A phase 2A/B randomized trial of metabolic modulators intranasal insulin and empagliflozin for MCI and early AD.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
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353 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Martin R CowieNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK. m.cowie@imperial.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0001-7457-2552
Miles FisherDepartment of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Pharmacology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK.
Glasgow Royal Infirmary · GBRoyal Brompton Hospital · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are effective antidiabetic therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and are associated with improved glycaemic control as well as with reductions in body mass and blood pressure. In large cardiovascular outcome trials in patients with diabetes, SGLT2 inhibitors improve cardiovascular and renal outcomes, including hospitalization for heart failure, with this benefit extending to patients without diabetes who have heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. The possible mechanisms of benefit are being extensively investigated because they are unlikely to be related to improved glycaemic control. Early natriuresis with a reduction in plasma volume, a consequent rise in haematocrit, improved vascular function, a reduction in blood pressure and changes in tissue sodium handling are all likely to have a role. Additional mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors that might be beneficial include a reduction in adipose tissue-mediated inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, a shift towards ketone bodies as the metabolic substrate for the heart and kidneys, reduced oxidative stress, lowered serum uric acid level, reduced glomerular hyperfiltration and albuminuria, and suppression of advanced glycation end-product signalling. Further outcome trials and mechanistic studies, including in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction or non-diabetic kidney disease, might identify other possible mechanisms of benefit of SGLT2-inhibitor therapy.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsGlycemic ControlHumansSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID32665641
OpenAlexW3043378534

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.