ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
GSK-3 Inhibition as a Therapeutic Approach Against SARs CoV2: Dual Benefit of Inhibiting Viral Replication While Potentiating the Immune Response.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Uncovering Overlapping Gene Networks and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Osteoporosis and COVID-19 Through Bioinformatics Analysis.International journal of endocrinology · 2025Article
- Regulatory T Cells (Tregs) and COVID-19: Unveiling the Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potentialities with a Special Focus on Long COVID.Vaccines · 2023Review
- SARS-CoV-2 RdRp uses NDPs as a substrate and is able to incorporate NHC into RNA from diphosphate form molnupiravir.International journal of biological macromolecules · 2023Article
- Modeling structure-activity relationships with machine learning to identify GSK3-targeted small molecules as potential COVID-19 therapeutics.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Enzymes in the time of COVID-19: An overview about the effects in the human body, enzyme market, and perspectives for new drugs.Medicinal research reviews · 2022Review
- Recent clinical findings on the role of kinase inhibitors in COVID-19 management.Life sciences · 2022Review
- Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic effects of different vitamins and minerals in COVID-19 patients.Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS) · 2022Review
- Article
- Melatonin: Regulation of Viral Phase Separation and Epitranscriptomics in Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Article
- Lithium salts as a treatment for COVID-19: Pre-clinical outcomes.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2022Article
- Potential mechanisms underlying lithium treatment for Alzheimer's disease and COVID-19.European review for medical and pharmacological sciences · 2022Review
- Metabolic dyshomeostasis induced by SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins reveals immunological insights into viral olfactory interactions.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Lithium Treatment in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- The Dynamic Role of FOXP3Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Psychotropics and COVID-19: An analysis of safety and prophylaxis.L'Encephale · 2021Article
- Revisiting the Role of GSK3, A Modulator of Innate Immunity, in Idiopathic Inclusion Body Myositis.Cells · 2021Review
- Targeting the coronavirus nucleocapsid protein through GSK-3 inhibition.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Dual Anti-Malarial and GSK3β-Mediated Cytokine-Modulating Activities of Quercetin Are Requisite of Its Potential as a Plant-Derived Therapeutic in Malaria.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) decreases the benefit of anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade in tumor immunotherapy.PloS one · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19) pandemic and uncertainties in developing a vaccine have created an urgent need for new therapeutic approaches. A key question is whether it is possible to make rational predictions of new therapies based on the presently available scientific and medical information. In this regard, I have noticed an omission in the present analysis in the literature related to the exploitation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) as a therapeutic approach. This is based on two key observations, that GSK-3 inhibitors can simultaneously block SARs viral replication, while boosting CD8+ adaptive T-cell and innate natural killer (NK) responses. Firstly, it is already clear that GSK-3 phosphorylation of SARs CoV1 N protein on key serine residues is needed for viral replication such that small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) of GSK-3 can inhibit viral replication. In comparing protein sequences, I show here that the key sites in the N protein of SARs CoV1 N for replication are conserved in SARs CoV2. This strongly suggests that GSK-3 SMIs will also inhibit SARs Cov2 replication. Secondly, we and others have previously documented that GSK-3 SMIs markedly enhance CD8+ cytolytic T-cell (CTL) and NK cell anti-viral effector functions leading to a reduction in both acute and chronic viral infections in mice. My hypothesis is that the repurposing of low-cost inhibitors of GSK-3 such as lithium will limit SARS-CoV2 infections by both reducing viral replication and potentiating the immune response against the virus. To date, there has been no mention of this dual connection between GSK-3 and SARs CoV2 in the literature. To my knowledge, no other drugs exist with the potential to simultaneously target both viral replication and immune response against SARs CoV2.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.