ArticlePublic health nutrition2021
A culture-sensitive semi-quantitative FFQ for use among the adult population in Nairobi, Kenya: development, validity and reproducibility.
Article in Public health nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Obesogenic dietary behaviours and work environment among primary healthcare workers in Limpopo Province: A cross-sectional analysis.Journal of public health research · 2026Article
- Smallholder farmers' knowledge, practices and dietary responses to aflatoxin contamination in Baringo county, Kenya.Mycotoxin research · 2026Article
- Development, Reproducibility, and Validity of a Semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire for Use among the Adult Population in Reunion Island.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the Reliability and Validity of a Food Frequency Questionnaire Using Three-Day 24-Hour Dietary Recalls: A Study in Fujian, China.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Reproducibility and relative validity of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire developed for adults in the coastal area of southeast China.European journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Validity and Reproducibility of a Semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire and Food Picture Book in Nigeria.Current developments in nutrition · 2024Article
- Validating a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire to assess regional diet in a study of cancer in South West Nigeria.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2023Article
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9 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveTo develop a semi-quantitative FFQ and to evaluate its validity and reproducibility for the assessment of total dietary intake of Kenyan urban adult population, given its non-existence in Kenya.
designThe current study adopted a cross-sectional design. A culture-sensitive semi-quantitative FFQ was developed and its validity was tested relative to three non-consecutive 24-h recalls (24hR). Reproducibility was tested by the test-retest method, with a 3-week interval. Spearman's correlation coefficients and intra-class correlation coefficients were calculated for several macro- and micronutrients. Cross-classification into quartiles and Bland and Altman plots were analysed.
settingNairobi county (Dagoreti South and Starehe constituencies).
participantsA convenient sample was recruited in three different clusters in Nairobi.
resultsA culture-sensitive 123-food-item semi-quantitative FFQ showed higher nutrient intakes compared with the 24hR (total energy median 12543·632 v. 8501·888 kJ, P < 0·001). Energy-adjusted and deattenuated Spearman's correlations for macronutrients ranged between 0·21 (total fat) and 0·47 (protein). The agreement in the same quartile varied from 28 % (protein) to 41 % (carbohydrates). Including adjacent quartiles, the range increased: 76 % (protein and fat) to 81 % (carbohydrates). The extreme disagreement was low. The first FFQ application resulted in higher mean values for all nutrients compared with the second FFQ (total energy median 12459·952 v. 10485·104 kJ, P < 0·001). Energy-adjusted correlations for macronutrients ranged from 0·28 (carbohydrates) to 0·61 (protein). Intra-class correlation coefficients for macronutrients were moderate, between 0·6 and 0·7.
conclusionsThe developed semi-quantitative FFQ was shown to be a valid and reproducible tool for ranking urban adult Kenyans according to their dietary intake.
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