ReviewAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2020
Genetic Polymorphisms Complicate COVID-19 Therapy: Pivotal Role of HO-1 in Cytokine Storm.
Review in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic susceptibility of COVID-19: a systematic review of current evidence.European journal of medical research · 2021Pooled it
- Article
- Lung Dysfunction and Systemic Inflammation: A Role for HO-1 and NLRP3 in a COVID-19 Murine Model.Research square · 2026Article
- COVID-19 in patients with anemia and haematological malignancies: risk factors, clinical guidelines, and emerging therapeutic approaches.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- Drug Synergism of Anticancer Action in Combination with Favipiravir and Paclitaxel on Neuroblastoma Cells.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Role of Cytochrome P450 2C9 in COVID-19 Treatment: Current Status and Future Directions.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2023Review
- Target-agnostic drug prediction integrated with medical record analysis uncovers differential associations of statins with increased survival in COVID-19 patients.PLoS computational biology · 2023Article
- Heme, Heme Oxygenase-1, Statins, and SARS-CoV-2.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Effects of PM2.5 Exposure on the ACE/ACE2 Pathway: Possible Implication in COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Pathways of Coagulopathy and Inflammatory Response in SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Type 2 Diabetic Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Is Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 a Target for the Intervention of Cytokine Storms?Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- Molecular Mechanisms Related to Responses to Oxidative Stress and Antioxidative Therapies in COVID-19: A Systematic Review.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Potential Similarities in Sex Difference in Key Genes and Their Expression, Network, EQTL and Pathways between COVID-19 and Chronic Kidney Disease Based on Mouse Model.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Heme Oxygenase-1: An Anti-Inflammatory Effector in Cardiovascular, Lung, and Related Metabolic Disorders.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 induces heme oxygenase-1: Pathophysiologic implications.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease · 2022Article
- Heme-oxygenase and lipid mediators in obesity and associated cardiometabolic diseases: Therapeutic implications.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2022Review
- Investigation of CYP2E1 and Caspase-3 Gene Expressions in COVID-19 patients.Gene reports · 2022Article
- Implications of the Immune Polymorphisms of the Host and the Genetic Variability of SARS-CoV-2 in the Development of COVID-19.Viruses · 2022Review
- Heme oxygenase agonists-fluvoxamine, melatonin-are efficacious therapy for Covid-19.Cell stress & chaperones · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Coronaviruses are very large RNA viruses that originate in animal reservoirs and include severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and other inconsequential coronaviruses from human reservoirs like the common cold. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 and is believed to originate from bat, quickly spread into a global pandemic. This RNA virus has a special affinity for porphyrins. It invades the cell at the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor and binds to hemoproteins, resulting in a severe systemic inflammatory response, particularly in high ACE-2 organs like the lungs, heart, and kidney, resulting in systemic disease. The inflammatory response manifested by increased cytokine levels and reactive oxygen species results in inhibition of heme oxygenase (HO-1), with a subsequent loss of cytoprotection. This has been seen in other viral illness like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Ebola, and SARS/MERS. There are a number of medications that have been tried with some showing early clinical promise. This illness disproportionately affects patients with obesity, a chronic inflammatory disease with a baseline excess of cytokines. The majority of the medications used in the treatment of COVID-19 are metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, primarily CYP2D6. This is further complicated by genetic polymorphisms of CYP2D6, HO-1, ACE, and ACE-2. There is a potential role for HO-1 upregulation to treat/prevent cytokine storm. Current therapy must focus on antivirals and heme oxygenase upregulation. Vaccine development will be the only magic bullet.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.