ReviewAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2020
The Complex Relationship between Diabetic Retinopathy and High-Mobility Group Box: A Review of Molecular Pathways and Therapeutic Strategies.
Review in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acrolein Promotes Retinal Inflammation Through Macrophage Chemotaxis by Inducing CCL2 Production From Müller Cells.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Heterochronic parabiosis uncovers AdipoR1 as a critical player in retinal rejuvenation.Science advances · 2025Article
- OCT predictors of retinal atrophy in neovascular age-related macular degeneration treated with aflibercept.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Crosstalk between ferroptosis and innate immune in diabetic kidney disease: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Protective effects of nattokinase against microvasculopathy and neuroinflammation in diabetic retinopathy.Journal of diabetes · 2023Article
- Hyperglycemia and Oxidative Stress: An Integral, Updated and Critical Overview of Their Metabolic Interconnections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Role of High Mobility Group Box 1 in Cardiovascular Diseases.Inflammation · 2022Review
- Oxidative Stress Implication in Retinal Diseases-A Review.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Identification of potential ferroptosis-related biomarkers and a pharmacological compound in diabetic retinopathy based on machine learning and molecular docking.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Adiponectin Ameliorates Hyperglycemia-Induced Retinal Endothelial Dysfunction, Highlighting Pathways, Regulators, and Networks.Journal of inflammation research · 2022Article
- The SIRT1-HMGB1 axis: Therapeutic potential to ameliorate inflammatory responses and tumor occurrence.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Retinopathy.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Role of HMGB1 in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Clinical and Molecular-Genetic Insights into the Role of Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Retinopathy: Antioxidant Strategies and Future Avenues.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a protein that is part of a larger family of non-histone nuclear proteins. HMGB1 is a ubiquitary protein with different isoforms, linked to numerous physiological and pathological pathways. HMGB1 is involved in cytokine and chemokine release, leukocyte activation and migration, tumorigenesis, neoangiogenesis, and the activation of several inflammatory pathways. HMGB1 is, in fact, responsible for the trigger, among others, of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathways. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) that is rapidly growing in number. DR is an inflammatory disease caused by hyperglycemia, which determines the accumulation of oxidative stress and cell damage, which ultimately leads to hypoxia and neovascularization. Recent evidence has shown that hyperglycemia is responsible for the hyperexpression of HMGB1. This protein activates numerous pathways that cause the development of DR, and HMGB1 levels are constantly increased in diabetic retinas in both proliferative and non-proliferative stages of the disease. Several molecules, such as glycyrrhizin (GA), have proven effective in reducing diabetic damage to the retina through the inhibition of HMGB1. The main focus of this review is the growing amount of evidence linking HMGB1 and DR as well as the new therapeutic strategies involving this protein.
Indexed as
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.