Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32728891›Full record

Observational studyDiabetologia2020

Metformin improves blood glucose by increasing incretins independent of changes in gluconeogenesis in youth with type 2 diabetes.

Celeste K L Cravalho, Abby G Meyers, Lilian S Mabundo, Amber Courville, Shanna Yang, Hongyi Cai, Yuhai Dai, Mary Walter, Peter J Walter, Susan Sharma and 5 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Diabetologia, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
1.3field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Trial
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  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Reevaluating First-line Therapies in Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024
    Article
  7. Energy expenditure due to gluconeogenesis in pathological conditions of insulin resistance.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2021
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Celeste K L CravalhoNational Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr. Bld 10-CRC, RM 5-3671, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Abby G MeyersNational Institute of Child Health and Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Lilian S MabundoNational Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr. Bld 10-CRC, RM 5-3671, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Amber CourvilleNational Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Shanna YangNational Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Hongyi CaiNational Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr. Bld 10-CRC, RM 5-3671, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Yuhai DaiNational Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr. Bld 10-CRC, RM 5-3671, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Mary WalterNational Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr. Bld 10-CRC, RM 5-3671, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Peter J WalterNational Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr. Bld 10-CRC, RM 5-3671, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Susan SharmaNational Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr. Bld 10-CRC, RM 5-3671, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Shaji ChackoDepartment of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Fran CogenChildren's National Health Systems, Department of Pediatric Diabetes and Endocrinology, Washington, DC, USA.
Sheela N MaggeDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Morey W HaymondDepartment of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Stephanie T ChungNational Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr. Bld 10-CRC, RM 5-3671, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. chungst@niddk.nih.gov.ORCID 0000-0001-6989-0417
National Institutes of Health · USAgricultural Research Service · USNational Institutes of Health Clinical Center · USChildren's National · USJohns Hopkins University · US

Funding

METABOLIC ADAPTATION AND CONTROL OF LACTATION IN HUMANSR01DK055478 · BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · 1999 to 2005
$1.3M
Therapeutic targets in African-American youth with type 2 diabetesZIADK075133 · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES · 2025 to 2025
$279k
Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Z99DK999999Intramural NIH HHS ZIA DK075133NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK055478
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aims/hypothesisMetformin is the only approved oral agent for youth with type 2 diabetes but its mechanism of action remains controversial. Recent data in adults suggest a primary role for the enteroinsular pathway, but there are no data in youth, in whom metformin efficacy is only ~50%. Our objectives were to compare incretin concentrations and rates of glucose production and gluconeogenesis in youth with type 2 diabetes before and after short-term metformin therapy compared with peers with normal glucose tolerance (NGT).

methodsThis is a case-control observational study in youth with type 2 diabetes who were not on metformin (n = 18) compared with youth with NGT (n = 10) who were evaluated with a 2 day protocol. A 75 g OGTT was administered to measure intact glucagon-like 1 peptide (iGLP-1), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and peptide YY (PYY). Insulinogenic index (IGI) and whole-body insulin sensitivity were calculated using glucose and insulin levels from the OGTT. Basal rates of gluconeogenesis (

resultsCompared with individuals with NGT, those with type 2 diabetes had higher fasting (7.8 ± 2.5 vs 5.1 ± 0.3 mmol/l, mean ± SD p = 0.002) and 2 h glucose concentrations (13.8 ± 4.5 vs 5.9 ± 0.9 mmol/l, p = 0.001), higher rates of absolute gluconeogenesis (10.0 ± 1.7 vs 7.2 ± 1.1 μmol [kg fat-free mass (FFM)] CONCLUSIONS/

interpretationOverall, the improved postprandial blood glucose levels and increase in incretins observed in the absence of changes in insulin sensitivity and gluconeogenesis, support an enteroinsular mechanistic pathway in youth with type 2 diabetes treated with short-term metformin.

Indexed as

GluconeogenesisAdolescentCase-Control StudiesChildDeuterium OxideDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleGastric Inhibitory PolypeptideGlucagon-Like Peptide 1GlucoseHumansHypoglycemic AgentsIncretinsInsulin SecretionMaleMetforminDeuterium OxideGastric Inhibitory PolypeptideGlucagon-Like Peptide 1GlucoseHypoglycemic AgentsIncretinsMetforminPeptide YYGluconeogenesisGut hormonesPaediatricType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID32728891
PMCPMC12338998
OpenAlexW3045801350

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.