Trial reportCellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology2021
Genome-Wide Transcriptomic Analysis of Intestinal Mucosa in Celiac Disease Patients on a Gluten-Free Diet and Postgluten Challenge.
Trial report in Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07556328 (Histological and Molecular Profiling in the Diagnostics and Treatment of Small-Bowel Diseases - A Prospective Cohort Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 46 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Histological and Molecular Profiling in the Diagnostics and Treatment of Small-Bowel Diseases - A Prospective Cohort Study (The DeepBowel Study)
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic TG2 inhibition reverses systemic multiomic dysregulation in celiac disease.BMC medicine · 2026Trial
- Transcriptomic analysis of intestine following administration of a transglutaminase 2 inhibitor to prevent gluten-induced intestinal damage in celiac disease.Nature immunology · 2024Trial
- Pediatric Celiac Disease Patients Show Alterations of Dendritic Cell Shape and Actin Rearrangement.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Trial
- Molecular histomorphometry and the emerging role of transcriptomics in celiac disease diagnosis and therapeutic trials.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Gliadin-specific CD4Science advances · 2026Article
- Connecting Skin and Gut in Dermatitis Herpetiformis: Insights from Gluten Challenge Transcriptomics.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2026Article
- Review
- Upcoming Treatments in Celiac Disease: From Luminal Enzymes to Oral Immune Tolerance.United European gastroenterology journal · 2026Review
- Prevalence and Predictors of Persistent Celiac Disease Antibody Positivity During Follow-Up.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- Low positive and borderline negative transglutaminase antibody levels are frequently associated with a coeliac disease diagnosis.Journal of internal medicine · 2025Article
- IFN-γ is a direct driver of crypt hyperplasia in celiac disease.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Transcriptomics and eQTLs reveal inflammatory heterogeneity in the duodenal lining in coeliac disease.Genes and immunity · 2025Article
- Classification of Paediatric Celiac Disease Using RNA Sequencing and Real-Time PCR of Duodenal Biomarkers.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Impact of placental and peripheral blood DNA methylation on celiac disease susceptibility.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2025Article
- Single cell transcriptome sequencing indicates the cellular heterogeneity of small intestine tissue in celiac disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review Article: Novel Enzyme Therapy Design for Gluten Peptide Digestion Through Exopeptidase Supplementation.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2025Review
- Shared Genetics in Celiac Disease and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Specify a Greater Role for Intestinal Epithelial Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Investigating intestinal epithelium metabolic dysfunction in celiac disease using personalized genome-scale models.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Restoration of the lamina propria duodenal immune infiltrate in gluten-free diet treated celiac patients despite persistent villous atrophy.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsGluten challenge studies are instrumental in understanding the pathophysiology of celiac disease. Our aims in this study were to reveal early gluten-induced transcriptomic changes in duodenal biopsies and to find tools for clinics.
methodsDuodenal biopsies were collected from 15 celiac disease patients on a strict long-term gluten-free diet (GFD) prior to and post a gluten challenge (PGC) and from 6 healthy control individuals (DC). Biopsy RNA was subjected to genome-wide 3' RNA-Seq. Sequencing data was used to determine the differences between the three groups and was compared to sequencing data from the public repositories. The biopsies underwent morphometric analyses.
resultsIn DC vs. GFD group comparisons, 167 differentially expressed genes were identified with 117 genes downregulated and 50 genes upregulated. In PGC vs. GFD group comparisons, 417 differentially expressed genes were identified with 195 genes downregulated and 222 genes upregulated. Celiac disease patients on a GFD were not "healthy". In particular, genes encoding proteins for transporting small molecules were expressed less. In addition to the activation of immune response genes, a gluten challenge induced hyperactive intestinal wnt-signaling and consequent immature crypt gene expression resulting in less differentiated epithelium. Biopsy gene expression in response to a gluten challenge correlated with the extent of the histological damage. Regression models using only four gene transcripts described 97.2% of the mucosal morphology and 98.0% of the inflammatory changes observed.
conclusionsOur gluten challenge trial design provided an opportunity to study the transition from health to disease. The results show that even on a strict GFD, despite being deemed healthy, patients reveal patterns of ongoing disease. Here, a transcriptomic regression model estimating the extent of gluten-induced duodenal mucosal injury is presented.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.