ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
B Cell Responses in the Development of Mammalian Meat Allergy.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- From vector to allergen: exploring the immunology of tick-triggered α-Gal syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The Role ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Allergic Reactivity and Memory Occur Independently of Sequential Switching Through IgG1.Allergy · 2025Article
- Tick salivary proteins metalloprotease and allergen-like p23 are associated with response to glycan α-Gal and mycobacterium infection.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Alpha-gal syndrome and the gastrointestinal reaction: a narrative review.Frontiers in allergy · 2025Review
- Immunotherapy with biodegradable nanoparticles encapsulating the oligosaccharide galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose enhance immune tolerance against alpha-gal sensitization in a murine model of alpha-gal syndrome.Frontiers in allergy · 2024Article
- Allergic reactions to tick saliva components in zebrafish model.Parasites & vectors · 2023Article
- Th2-skewed T cells correlate with B cell response to α-Gal and tick antigens in α-Gal syndrome.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Article
- The Quantification of IgG Specific to α-Gal Could Be Used as a Risk Marker for Suffering Mammalian Meat Allergy.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Where's the Beef? Understanding Allergic Responses to Red Meat in Alpha-Gal Syndrome.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Review
- Poly-L-Lysine-Based αGal-Glycoconjugates for Treating Anti-αGal IgE-Mediated Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Current and Future Strategies for the Diagnosis and Treatment of the Alpha-Gal Syndrome (AGS).Journal of asthma and allergy · 2022Review
- Alpha-Gal Syndrome: Involvement ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Tick Saliva and the Alpha-Gal Syndrome: Finding a Needle in a Haystack.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Studies of meat allergic patients have shown that eating meat poses a serious acute health risk that can induce severe cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and respiratory reactions. Allergic reactions in affected individuals following meat consumption are mediated predominantly by IgE antibodies specific for galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal), a blood group antigen of non-primate mammals and therefore present in dietary meat. α-gal is also found within certain tick species and tick bites are strongly linked to meat allergy. Thus, it is thought that exposure to tick bites promotes cutaneous sensitization to tick antigens such as α-gal, leading to the development of IgE-mediated meat allergy. The underlying immune mechanisms by which skin exposure to ticks leads to the production of α-gal-specific IgE are poorly understood and are key to identifying novel treatments for this disease. In this review, we summarize the evidence of cutaneous exposure to tick bites and the development of mammalian meat allergy. We then provide recent insights into the role of B cells in IgE production in human patients with mammalian meat allergy and in a novel mouse model of meat allergy. Finally, we discuss existing data more generally focused on tick-mediated immunomodulation, and highlight possible mechanisms for how cutaneous exposure to tick bites might affect B cell responses in the skin and gut that contribute to loss of oral tolerance.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.