Evidence mapPaperPMID 32799429Full record

ArticleJournal of diabetes investigation2021

Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic neuropathy and painful diabetic neuropathy in primary and secondary healthcare in Qatar.

Georgios Ponirakis, Tarik Elhadd, Subitha Chinnaiyan, Abdul H Hamza, Sanaulla Sheik, Mohamed A Kalathingal, Mohamed S Anodiyil, Zeinab Dabbous, Mashhood A Siddique, Hamad Almuhannadi and 10 more

Open access · goldAbstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of diabetes investigation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.6field-weighted citation impact, top 17% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  9. Diabetic neuropathy: cutting-edge research and future directions.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025
    Review
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  18. Potential novel therapeutic strategies for neuropathic pain.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Georgios PonirakisWeill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6936-1248
Tarik ElhaddNational Diabetes Center, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
Subitha ChinnaiyanNational Diabetes Center, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
Abdul H HamzaUmm Ghuwailina Primary Health Care, Umm Ghuwailina, Qatar.
Sanaulla SheikAl Khor Primary Health Care, Al Khor, Qatar.
Mohamed A KalathingalAl Daayen Primary Health Care, Al Daayen, Qatar.
Mohamed S AnodiyilAl Rayyan Primary Health Care, Al Rayyan, Qatar.
Zeinab DabbousNational Diabetes Center, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
Mashhood A SiddiqueNational Diabetes Center, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
Hamad AlmuhannadiWeill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar.
Ioannis N PetropoulosWeill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar.
Adnan KhanWeill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4647-6672
Khaled Ae AshaweshNational Diabetes Center, Al-Wakra Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
Khaled M DukhanNational Diabetes Center, Al-Wakra Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
Ziyad R MahfoudWeill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar.
Mahmoud A ZirieNational Diabetes Center, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
Amin JayyousiNational Diabetes Center, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
Christopher MurgatroydFaculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
Mark SlevinFaculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
Rayaz A MalikWeill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-8903
Hamad General Hospital · QAManchester Metropolitan University · GBPrimary Health Care · QAWeill Cornell Medical College in Qatar · QAHamad Medical Corporation · QA

Funding

Pfizer Gulf FZ LLC W1230787Qatar National Research Fund BMRP-5726113101
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

AIMS/

introductionThis study determined the prevalence and risk factors for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and painful DPN (pDPN) in patients with type 2 diabetes in primary healthcare (PHC) and secondary healthcare (SHC) in Qatar. MATERIALS AND

methodsThis was a cross-sectional multicenter study. Adults with type 2 diabetes were randomly enrolled from four PHC centers and two diabetes centers in SHC in Qatar. Participants underwent assessment of clinical and metabolic parameters, DPN and pDPN.

resultsA total of 1,386 individuals with type 2 diabetes (297 from PHC and 1,089 from SHC) were recruited. The prevalence of DPN (14.8% vs 23.9%, P = 0.001) and pDPN (18.1% vs 37.5%, P < 0.0001) was significantly lower in PHC compared with SHC, whereas those with DPN at high risk for diabetic foot ulceration (31.8% vs 40.0%, P = 0.3) was comparable. The prevalence of undiagnosed DPN (79.5% vs 82.3%, P = 0.66) was comparably high, but undiagnosed pDPN (24.1% vs 71.5%, P < 0.0001) was lower in PHC compared with SHC. The odds of DPN and pDPN increased with age and diabetes duration, and DPN increased with poor glycemic control, hyperlipidemia and hypertension, whereas pDPN increased with obesity and reduced physical activity.

conclusionsThe prevalence of DPN and pDPN in type 2 diabetes is lower in PHC compared with SHC, and is attributed to overall better control of risk factors and referral bias due to patients with poorly managed complications being referred to SHC. However, approximately 80% of patients had not been previously diagnosed with DPN in PHC and SHC. Furthermore, we identified a number of modifiable risk factors for PDN and pDPN.

Indexed as

AdultCross-Sectional StudiesDiabetic NephropathiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalencePrimary Health CareQatarRisk FactorsYoung AdultDiabetes neuropathyDiagnosisPainful neuropathy

Identifiers

PMID32799429
PMCPMC8015833
OpenAlexW3049299145

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.