ReviewVaccines2020
The Age of Cyclic Dinucleotide Vaccine Adjuvants.
Review in Vaccines, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 60 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase I, Open Label, Multicenter Study of the Safety and Efficacy of MIW815 (ADU-S100) Administered by Intratumoral Injection to Patients With Advanced/Metastatic Solid Tumors or Lymphomas
Phase 1 Open-label, Multicenter Study of MK-1454 Administered by Intratumoral Injection as Monotherapy and in Combination With Pembrolizumab for Patients With Advanced/Metastatic Solid Tumors or Lymphomas
A Phase Ib, Open Label, Multicenter Study of the Safety and Efficacy of MIW815 (ADU-S100) Administered by Intratumoral Injection With PDR001 to Patients With Advanced/Metastatic Solid Tumors or Lymphomas
A Phase 2 Efficacy and Safety Trial of ADU-S100 and Pembrolizumab in Adults With Head and Neck Cancer
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chemically Regulated STING-Activating Prodrugs of Deoxyribose Cyclic Dinucleotides Elicit Robust Immune Activation and Durable Antitumor Immunity.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- cGAS-STING pathway activation drives the cold-to-hot tumor transition and sensitizes immunotherapy.Cancer biology & medicine · 2026Review
- Recent progress in cGAS-STING agonist design and mechanisms of cancer immune modulation.RSC chemical biology · 2026Review
- Cell-type specific activation of the cGAS-STING pathway in tumor immunotherapy: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Precision targeting of STING: Challenges, innovations, and clinical outlook for cancer therapy.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2026Review
- The Emerging Role of Nanocarrier-Based Delivery Systems for cGAS-STING Activation in Cancer Immunotherapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- cGAS-STING signaling pathway as a therapeutic target in human diseases.Chinese medical journal · 2025Review
- STING agonists drive recruitment and intrinsic type I interferon responses in monocytic lineage cells for optimal anti-tumor immunity.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- cGAS-STING signaling in melanoma: regulation and therapeutic targeting.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Recent advances in the structure, function and regulation of the volume-regulated anion channels and their role in immunity.The Journal of physiology · 2025Review
- Bridging the gap for diverse applications of parasites as advanced cancer therapeutics: current progress and future directions.Infectious agents and cancer · 2025Review
- Lenalidomide promotes melarsoprol-activated cGAS-STING-mediated immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinomaFundamental research · 2025Article
- Cell-Autonomous Immunity: From Cytosolic Sensing to Self-Defense.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Innate Sensing of Viral Nucleic Acids and Their Use in Antiviral Vaccine Development.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Endothelial STING-JAK1 interaction promotes tumor vasculature normalization and antitumor immunity.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Discovery of a non-nucleotide stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist with systemic antitumor effect.MedComm · 2025Article
- Activation of cellular responses by cyclic dinucleotides andJournal of oral microbiology · 2025Article
- cGAS-STING signaling: a therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel disease and related colorectal cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Disulfiram/copper triggers cGAS-STING innate immunity pathway via ROS-induced DNA damage that potentiates antitumor response to PD-1 checkpoint blockade.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
As prophylactic vaccine adjuvants for infectious diseases, cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) induce safe, potent, long-lasting humoral and cellular memory responses in the systemic and mucosal compartments. As therapeutic cancer vaccine adjuvants, CDNs induce potent anti-tumor immunity, including cytotoxic T cells and NK cells activation that achieve durable regression in multiple mouse models of tumors. Clinical trials are ongoing to fulfill the promise of CDNs (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02675439, NCT03010176, NCT03172936, and NCT03937141). However, in October 2018, the first clinical data with Merck's CDN MK-1454 showed zero activity as a monotherapy in patients with solid tumors or lymphomas (NCT03010176). Lately, the clinical trial from Aduro's CDN ADU-S100 monotherapy was also disappointing (NCT03172936). The emerging hurdle in CDN vaccine development calls for a timely re-evaluation of our understanding on CDN vaccine adjuvants. Here, we review the status of CDN vaccine adjuvant research, including their superior adjuvant activities, in vivo mode of action, and confounding factors that affect their efficacy in humans. Lastly, we discuss the strategies to overcome the hurdle and advance promising CDN adjuvants in humans.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.