ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Metformin as a Potential Agent in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunometabolic reprogramming in multiple sclerosis: from pathogenic amplifier to therapeutic target in neuroinflammation and remyelination.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Adjunctive Non-Disease-Modifying Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis: Immunometabolic, Neuroprotective and Remyelination-Oriented Approaches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The Possible Role of Metformin and Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 in Multiple Sclerosis Neuropathology: Birds of a Feather Flock Together.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Review
- The role of autophagy in the pathogenesis and treatment of multiple sclerosis.Autophagy reports · 2025Review
- SGLT2 inhibitors in autoimmune diseases: emerging therapeutic potential and clinical challenges.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Oligodendrocyte and Myelin Pathophysiology in Multiple Sclerosis.Advances in neurobiology · 2025Review
- Immune cell senescence in autoimmunity: implications for disease pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Review
- Understanding the Complex Dynamics of Immunosenescence in Multiple Sclerosis: From Pathogenesis to Treatment.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Metformin enhances endogenous neural stem cells proliferation, neuronal differentiation, and inhibits ferroptosis through activating AMPK pathway after spinal cord injury.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Primitive and Definitive Neural Precursor Cells Are Present in Human Cerebral Organoids.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Review
- A metformin add-on clinical study in multiple sclerosis to evaluate brain remyelination and neurodegeneration (MACSiMiSE-BRAIN): study protocol for a multi-center randomized placebo controlled clinical trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The Roles of Caloric Restriction Mimetics in Central Nervous System Demyelination and Remyelination.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Review
- Pathogenic Role of Fibrinogen in the Neuropathology of Multiple Sclerosis: A Tale of Sorrows and Fears.Neurochemical research · 2023Review
- The development and benefits of metformin in various diseases.Frontiers of medicine · 2023Review
- Leaky Gut Plays a Critical Role in the Pathophysiology of Autism in Mice by Activating the Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Toll-Like Receptor 4-Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88-Nuclear Factor Kappa B Signaling Pathway.Neuroscience bulletin · 2023Article
- Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Friend and Foe.Current neuropharmacology · 2023Review
- A model of metformin mitochondrial metabolism in metachromatic leukodystrophy: first description of human Schwann cells transfected with CRISPR-Cas9.Open biology · 2022Article
- Metformin alleviates the calcification of aortic valve interstitial cells through activating the PI3K/AKT pathway in an AMPK dependent way.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Metformin, a synthetic derivative of guanidine, is commonly used as an oral antidiabetic agent and is considered a multi-vector application agent in the treatment of other inflammatory diseases. Recent studies have confirmed the beneficial effect of metformin on immune cells, with special emphasis on immunological mechanisms. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by various clinical courses. Although the pathophysiology of MS remains unknown, it is most likely a combination of disturbances of the immune system and biochemical pathways with a disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB), and it is strictly related to injury of intracerebral blood vessels. Metformin has properties which are greatly desirable for MS therapy, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory or antiplatelet functions. The latest reports relating to the cardiovascular disease confirm an increased risk of ischemic events in MS patients, which are directly associated with a coagulation cascade and an elevated pro-thrombotic platelet function. Hence, this review examines the potential favourable effects of metformin in the course of MS, its role in preventing inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, as well as its potential antiplatelet role.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.