ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Learning from Monocyte-Macrophage Fusion and Multinucleation: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Osteoporosis and Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles in the remodeling of the prostate cancer immune microenvironment and therapeutic resistance.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Breaking cellular boundaries: molecular mechanisms of tunneling nanotube formation and fusion.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- From uric acid to tophi: multistage molecular and cellular mechanisms of tophi formation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Cell-Cell Fusion as a Mechanism of Immune Evasion and Metastatic Progression.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Macrophage polarization regulates bone homeostasis: a potential etiology and therapy for postmenopausal osteoporosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Platelet Releasate Reprograms Synovial Macrophages In Vitro: A New Approach in the Treatment of Hemophilic Synovitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Activation of AKT1 enhances the capacity of senescent BMSCs to regulate osteoclast activation.Molecular medicine reports · 2025Article
- A microenvironment responsive nanoparticle regulating osteoclast fate to promote bone repair in osteomyelitis.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Article
- Unveiling the Phenotypic Variability of Macrophages: Insights from Donor Diversity and Pooling Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Cell fusion dynamics: mechanisms of multinucleation in osteoclasts and macrophages.Inflammation and regeneration · 2024Review
- Trimethylamine-N-oxide promotes osteoclast differentiation and oxidative stress by activating NF-κB pathway.Aging · 2024Article
- Real-time analysis of osteoclast resorption and fusion dynamics in response to bone resorption inhibitors.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The indispensability of methyltransferase-like 3 in the immune system: from maintaining homeostasis to driving function.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- RANKeLife · 2023Article
- IRAK4 inhibition: an effective strategy for immunomodulating peri-implant osseointegration via reciprocally-shifted polarization in the monocyte-macrophage lineage cells.BMC oral health · 2023Article
- HSC70 mediated autophagic degradation of oxidized PRL2 is responsible for osteoclastogenesis and inflammatory bone destruction.Cell death and differentiation · 2023Article
- Cell surface-bound La protein regulates the cell fusion stage of osteoclastogenesis.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Macrophages-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells crosstalk in bone healing.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- Strategies of Macrophages to Maintain Bone Homeostasis and Promote Bone Repair: A Narrative Review.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Excessive bone resorption by osteoclasts (OCs) covers an essential role in developing bone diseases, such as osteoporosis (OP) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Monocytes or macrophages fusion and multinucleation (M-FM) are key processes for generating multinucleated mature cells with essential roles in bone remodelling. Depending on the phenotypic heterogeneity of monocyte/macrophage precursors and the extracellular milieu, two distinct morphological and functional cell types can arise mature OCs and giant cells (GCs). Despite their biological relevance in several physiological and pathological responses, many gaps exist in our understanding of their formation and role in bone, including the molecular determinants of cell fusion and multinucleation. Here, we outline fusogenic molecules during M-FM involved in OCs and GCs formation in healthy conditions and during OP and RA. Moreover, we discuss the impact of the inflammatory milieu on modulating macrophages phenotype and their differentiation towards mature cells. Methodological approach envisaged searches on Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and EMBASE databases to select relevant studies on M-FM, osteoclastogenesis, inflammation, OP, and RA. This review intends to give a state-of-the-art description of mechanisms beyond osteoclastogenesis and M-FM, with a focus on OP and RA, and to highlight potential biological therapeutic targets to prevent extreme bone loss.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.