ReviewMarine drugs2020
Carrageenans as Broad-Spectrum Microbicides: Current Status and Challenges.
Review in Marine drugs, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Red Algae Extracts fromTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Beyond Nutrition: The Therapeutic Promise of Seaweed-Derived Polysaccharides Against Bacterial and Viral Threats.Marine drugs · 2025Review
- Piezoelectric Behaviour in Biodegradable Carrageenan and Iron (III) Oxide Based Sensor.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Comparative study of HIV-1 inhibition efficiency by carrageenans from red seaweeds familyHeliyon · 2024Article
- Benzene with Alkyl Chains Is a Universal Scaffold for Multivalent Virucidal Antivirals.ACS central science · 2024Article
- Studying the Relationship between the Antiviral Activity and the Structure of ἰ-Carrageenan Using Ultrasonication.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Contemporary Aspects of Designing Marine Polysaccharide Microparticles as Drug Carriers for Biomedical Application.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of Polysaccharides Extracted fromMarine drugs · 2023Article
- Physicochemical Properties and Antiherpetic Activity of κ-Carrageenan Complex with Chitosan.Marine drugs · 2023Article
- Sulfated Polysaccharides from Seaweed Strandings as Renewable Source for Potential Antivirals againstMarine drugs · 2022Article
- Influence of the Structural Features of Carrageenans from Red Algae of the Far Eastern Seas on Their Antiviral Properties.Marine drugs · 2022Article
- Bioactive Carbohydrate Polymers-Between Myth and Reality.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Carrageenan nasal spray may double the rate of recovery from coronavirus and influenza virus infections: Re-analysis of randomized trial data.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2021Article
- Antiviral Activity of Carrageenans and Processing Implications.Marine drugs · 2021Review
- Viral inhibitors derived from macroalgae, microalgae, and cyanobacteria: A review of antiviral potential throughout pathogenesis.Algal research · 2021Article
- Pine Needle Extract Applicable to Topical Treatment for the Prevention of Human Papillomavirus Infection.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Different kinds of red algae are enriched with chemically diverse carbohydrates. In particular, a group of sulfated polysaccharides, which were isolated from the cell walls of red algae, gained a large amount of attention due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities. Within that group, carrageenans (CGs) were expected to be the first clinically applicable microbicides that could prevent various viral infections due to their superior antiviral potency and desirable safety profiles in subclinical studies. However, their anticipated beneficial effects could not be validated in human studies. To assess the value of a second attempt at pharmacologically developing CGs as a new class of preventive microbicides, all preclinical and clinical development processes of CG-based microbicides need to be thoroughly re-evaluated. In this review, the in vitro toxicities; in vivo safety profiles; and in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo antiviral activities of CGs are summarized according to the study volume of their target viruses, which include human immunodeficiency virus, herpesviruses, respiratory viruses, human papillomavirus, dengue virus, and other viruses along with a description of their antiviral modes of action and development of antiviral resistance. This evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of CGs will help provide future research directions that may lead to the successful development of CG-based antimicrobial prophylactics.
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Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.