Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32827432›Full record

SynthesisThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2020

Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Marieke de Vries, Jan Westerink, Karin H A H Kaasjager, Harold W de Valk

Registry-linked trialOpen access · hybridAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04664036 (Prevalence, Incidence and Characteristics of NAFLD/NASH in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Obtained Via a Non-invasive Screening Protocol), which is not on this map. Cited by 80 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
80citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
12.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04664036 unknown statusnot on this map

Prevalence, Incidence and Characteristics of NAFLD/NASH in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Obtained Via a Non-invasive Screening Protocol

Typeobservational_patient_registrySponsorUniversity Hospital, AntwerpRan2018 to 2025Enrolled700ConditionsNAFLD, Type 1 Diabetes, Cardiovascular DiseasesArmsultrasound, elastography, controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), FLI, FIB-4
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

80 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 140 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Liver fibrosis risk: a silent threat in type 1 diabetes mellitus.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026
    Article
  4. Obesity in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome · 2026
    Review
  5. Review
  6. Metabolic dysfunction and the use of adjunct medications in type 1 diabetes.Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity · 2026
    Review
  7. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Celiac Disease in Patients With Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Meta-Analysis.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Observational
  13. Review
  14. Coronary artery calcification in type 1 diabetes after 10-year ketogenic diet.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Marieke de VriesDepartment of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, GA Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Jan WesterinkDepartment of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, GA Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Karin H A H KaasjagerDepartment of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, GA Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Harold W de ValkDepartment of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, GA Utrecht, the Netherlands.
University Medical Center Utrecht · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevalence is high, especially in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes, and is expected to rise steeply in the coming decades.

objectiveWe estimated NAFLD prevalence in patients with type 1 diabetes and explored associated characteristics and outcomes. DATA SOURCES: We reviewed PubMed and Embase for studies on NAFLD and type 1 diabetes to March 2020. We screened references of included articles. STUDY SELECTION: Two authors independently screened titles/abstracts. One author screened full text articles. NAFLD was defined as described in the individual studies: steatosis and/or fibrosis. Studies not reporting alternative causes of hepatic steatosis or defining NAFLD only as elevated liver enzymes, were excluded. Initially, 919 articles met the selection criteria. DATA EXTRACTION: One researcher performed data extraction and risk of bias assessment using standardized tables. DATA SYNTHESIS: We assessed pooled prevalence rates by meta-analysis using a random-effects model, subsequently exploring heterogeneity by subgroup-, meta-regression-, and sensitivity analysis. Twenty studies between 2009 and 2019 were included (n = 3901). Pooled NAFLD prevalence was 19.3% (95% CI, 12.3%-27.5%), increasing to 22.0% (95% CI, 13.9%-31.2%) in adults only. Pooled prevalence of ultrasound studies was high (27.1%, 95% CI, 18.7%-36.3%) compared to studies using magnetic resonance imaging (8.6%, 95% CI, 2.1%-18.6%), liver biopsy (19.3%, 95% CI, 10.0%-30.7%), or transient elastography (2.3%, 95% CI, 0.6%-4.8%).

conclusionNAFLD prevalence in patients with type 1 diabetes is considerable and is highly dependent on the specific diagnostic modality and NAFLD definition used. These data are helpful in directing actions to standardize NAFLD diagnosis, which will help defining contributing mechanisms and outcomes.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1HumansNon-alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseasePrevalenceDM1fibrosisNAFLDNASHnonalcoholic fatty liver diseasetype 1 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID32827432
PMCPMC7526735
OpenAlexW3080093778

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.