Trial reportThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2020
Long-term Change in Physiological Markers and Cognitive Performance in Type 2 Diabetes: The Look AHEAD Study.
Trial report in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Does lifestyle intervention lower clinically significant cognitive impairment risk?Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Trial
- Associations of modifiable lifestyle and clinical factors with cognitive function in adults with type 2 diabetes.Journal of diabetes and its complications · 2026Trial
- Effects of Tai Chi Chuan on Cognitive Function in Adults 60 Years or Older With Type 2 Diabetes and Mild Cognitive Impairment in China: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Improving cognition through lifestyle-induced remission of type 2 diabetes: findings from DIABEPIC-2.Acta diabetologica · 2026Article
- Muscle movement and metabolism: exercise and skeletal muscle as mediators of health-a report from the 26th Annual Harvard Nutrition Obesity Symposium, 2025.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Multimodal (Bio)Markers and Risk of Obesity - A Comprehensive Scoping Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Article
- 5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026.Diabetes care · 2026Review
- Intermittent fasting and immune aging: implications for immunosenescence, inflammaging, neuroinflammation, and frailty.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Harmony in Motion: The Role of Exercise in Orchestrating Neuroprotection for Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease and Diabetes Examined from a Psychological Perspective.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2026Review
- Effects of lifestyle intervention and supplementation with insoluble oat fiber on cognitive functions in patients with prediabetes: a secondary analysis of the Optimal Fiber Trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- 5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2025.Diabetes care · 2025Review
- Mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment and management strategies in type 2 diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- 5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2024.Diabetes care · 2024Review
- 5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2023.Diabetes care · 2023Review
- Midlife Neuropsychological Profiles and Associated Vascular Risk: The Bogalusa Heart Study.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2023Article
- Differences in the Cognitive Function of Mexican Adults Aged 60 and Older with Self-Reported Diabetes in 2001 and 2018.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2023Article
- Race and sex differences in the association between lifespan glycemic status and midlife cognitive function: the Bogalusa heart study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Association between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Brain Atrophy: A Meta-Analysis (Diabetes Metab J 2022;46:781-802).Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2022Article
- Triglyceride Glucose Index is Related with the Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2022Article
- Rationale, design, and cohort characteristics of the Action for Health in Diabetes Aging study.Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
contextThe effects of physiological improvements on cognitive function among persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are not fully understood.
objectiveTo determine whether improvements in physiological markers (body weight, blood sugar control, and physical activity) during intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) are associated with enhancements in cognitive function in older adults with T2DM.
designMultisite randomized controlled trial.
settingAcademic research centers. PATIENTS OR OTHER
participantsParticipants were aged 45-76 years, with T2DM.
interventionThe Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) study, a randomized, controlled clinical trial of ILI.
main outcome measureTwo to 3 cognitive assessments were collected from 1089 participants, the first and last occurring a mean (standard deviation) of 8.6 (1.0) and 11.5 (0.7) years after enrollment.
resultsGreater improvement in blood sugar control was associated with better cognitive scores (fasting glucose and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test [AVLT]: P = 0.0148; fasting glucose and Digit Symbol Coding (DSC): P = 0.0360; HbA1C and DSC: P = 0.0477); but weight loss had mixed associations with cognitive scores (greater body mass index [BMI] reduction and worse AVLT overall: P = 0.0053; and greater BMI reduction and better DSC scores among those overweight but not obese at baseline: P = 0.010). Associations were strongest among those who were overweight (not obese) at baseline, and among those with a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) at baseline.
conclusionsImprovements in glycemic control, but not necessarily weight status, during ILI may be associated with better subsequent cognitive performance. These associations may differ by adiposity and CVD history.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.