ReviewClinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society2020
Sex differences in cardiovascular actions of the renin-angiotensin system.
Review in Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring associations between estrogen and gene candidates identified by coronary artery disease genome-wide association studies.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Aromatase enzyme: Paving the way for exploring aromatization for cardio-renal protection.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2023Pooled it
- Oral Losartan Treatment Improves Microvascular Endothelial Function via Nitric Oxide-Dependent Mechanisms in Women With a History of Preeclampsia.American journal of hypertension · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Review
- Demographic and regional disparities in concurrent respiratory and renal failure mortality: a CDC WONDER analysis, 1999-2024.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Interdialytic blood pressure is independent of weight gain and correlated with serum angiotensin II levels in adults.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Sex-Dependent Effects of Angiotensin II and Calcineurin in the Vasculature of Mice.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Opportunities Targeting the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MasR Pathway in Cardiometabolic Disease.Current hypertension reports · 2026Review
- Orthostatic blood pressure changes among adults in Ekiti state, Nigeria: Impact of socio-demographic, anthropometric, and biophysical factors.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- The impact of urine output trajectory on clinical outcomes in female patients with genitourinary infections in the intensive care unit.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Sex-specific effects of prenatal methamphetamine exposure on activity and blood pressure in aged offspring.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Nitric Oxide at the Nexus of ACE2 Biology and COVID-19: Implications for Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Comorbidities.Physiological research · 2025Review
- Trends in the prevalence of apparent treatment-resistant hypertension among U.S. adults, 1999-2018.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Article
- The relationship between estrogen and renin angiotensin system components in the context of hypertension.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2025Review
- Salt sensitivity of blood pressure: mechanisms and sex-specific differences.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2025Review
- Role of AT1angiotensin receptor antagonist in pulmonary complications induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in male and female rats.BMC nephrology · 2025Article
- Circulating Levels of Angiotensinogen, Sex Hormones, and Hormone Therapy-The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2025Article
- The impact of androgens on cardiovascular control mechanisms in polycystic ovary syndrome: Recent advances and translational approaches.The Journal of physiology · 2025Review
- Sex-Specific Differences in the Pathophysiology of Hypertension.Biomolecules · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a worldwide public health concern despite decades of research and the availability of numerous targeted therapies. While the intrinsic physiological mechanisms regulating cardiovascular function are similar between males and females, marked sex differences have been established in terms of CVD onset, pathophysiology, manifestation, susceptibility, prevalence, treatment responses and outcomes in animal models and clinical populations. Premenopausal females are generally protected from CVD in comparison to men of similar age, with females tending to develop cardiovascular complications later in life following menopause. Emerging evidence suggests this cardioprotection in females is, in part, attributed to sex differences in hormonal regulators, such as the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). To date, research has largely focused on canonical RAS pathways and shown that premenopausal females are protected from cardiovascular derangements produced by activation of angiotensin II pathways. More recently, a vasodilatory arm of the RAS has emerged that is characterized by angiotensin-(1-7) [(Ang-(1-7)], angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and Mas receptors. Emerging studies provide evidence for a shift towards these cardioprotective Ang-(1-7) pathways in females, with effects modulated by interactions with estrogen. Despite well-established sex differences, female comparison studies on cardiovascular outcomes are lacking at both the preclinical and clinical levels. Furthermore, there are no specific guidelines in place for the treatment of cardiovascular disease in men versus women, including therapies targeting the RAS. This review summarizes current knowledge on sex differences in the cardiovascular actions of the RAS, focusing on interactions with gonadal hormones, emerging data for protective Ang-(1-7) pathways and potential clinical implications for established and novel therapies.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.