Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32885229›Full record

SynthesisNutrition reviews2021

Effects of macronutrient intake in obesity: a meta-analysis of low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets on markers of the metabolic syndrome.

Anouk E M Willems, Martina Sura-de Jong, André P van Beek, Esther Nederhof, Gertjan van Dijk

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readMeta-AnalysisReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Nutrition reviews, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06515639 (Classic vs. High-Fat Intermittent Fasting), which is not on this map. Cited by 38 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
38citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
3.9field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06515639 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Classic vs. High-Fat Intermittent Fasting: Impacts on Body Composition, Eating Behavior, and Diet Satisfaction

TypeinterventionalSponsorIstanbul Bilgi UniversityRan2024 to 2024Enrolled44ConditionsObesityArmsDiet therapy for Classic IF diet group, Diet therapy for low carb-High fat IF diet group
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

38 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Anouk E M WillemsGroningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences - Neurobiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Martina Sura-de JongVan Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, Applied Research Centre Food and Dairy, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.
André P van BeekDepartment of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Esther NederhofVan Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, Applied Research Centre Food and Dairy, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.
Gertjan van DijkGroningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences - Neurobiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
University of Groningen · NLVan Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences · NLUniversity Medical Center Groningen · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises cardiometabolic risk factors frequently found in individuals with obesity. Guidelines to prevent or reverse MetS suggest limiting fat intake, however, lowering carbohydrate intake has gained attention too. The aim for this review was to determine to what extent either weight loss, reduction in caloric intake, or changes in macronutrient intake contribute to improvement in markers of MetS in persons with obesity without cardiometabolic disease. A meta-analysis was performed across a spectrum of studies applying low-carbohydrate (LC) and low-fat (LF) diets. PubMed searches yielded 17 articles describing 12 separate intervention studies assessing changes in MetS markers of persons with obesity assigned to LC (<40% energy from carbohydrates) or LF (<30% energy from fat) diets. Both diets could lead to weight loss and improve markers of MetS. Meta-regression revealed that weight loss most efficaciously reduced fasting glucose levels independent of macronutrient intake at the end of the study. Actual carbohydrate intake and actual fat intake at the end of the study, but not the percent changes in intake of these macronutrients, improved diastolic blood pressure and circulating triglyceride levels, without an effect of weight loss. The homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance improved with both diets, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol only improved in the LC diet, both irrespective of aforementioned factors. Remarkably, changes in caloric intake did not play a primary role in altering MetS markers. Taken together, these data suggest that, beyond the general effects of the LC and LF diet categories to improve MetS markers, there are also specific roles for weight loss, LC and HF intake, but not reduced caloric intake, that improve markers of MetS irrespective of diet categorization. On the basis of the results from this meta-analysis, guidelines to prevent MetS may need to be re-evaluated.

Indexed as

Diet, Carbohydrate-RestrictedDiet, Fat-RestrictedEnergy IntakeHumansMetabolic SyndromeNutrientsObesityWeight LossNutrientslow-carbohydrate dietlow-fat dietmacronutrientsmetabolic syndromeweight loss

Identifiers

PMID32885229
PMCPMC7947787
OpenAlexW3083577327

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.