SynthesisJournal of general internal medicine2020
The Association Between Prescribed Opioid Receipt and Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of general internal medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for postoperative pneumonia following intracranial aneurysm surgery: a propensity score matching analysis.Perioperative medicine (London, England) · 2026Article
- Risk of hospitalization and opioid use in older people with dementia.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Investigating the role of opium consumption in the severity, and outcome of COVID-19.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Opioid analgesic and antidepressant use during pregnancy and the risk of spontaneous preterm birth: A nested case-control study.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2025Article
- The Impact of Opioid Prescription on the Occurrence and Outcome of Pneumonia: A Nationwide Cohort Study in South Korea.Respiratory care · 2024Article
- Safe Management of Adverse Effects Associated with Prescription Opioids in the Palliative Care Population: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- The Association of Prescribed Opioids and Incident Cardiovascular Disease.The journal of pain · 2024Article
- Article
- Serotonin therapies for opioid-induced disordered swallow and respiratory depression.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2024Article
- Prenatal Opioid Exposure and Immune-Related Conditions in Children.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Opioids and Immunosuppression: Clinical Evidence, Mechanisms of Action, and Potential Therapies.Palliative medicine reports · 2024Article
- Risk factors of pneumonia in persons with and without Alzheimer's disease: a matched cohort study.BMC geriatrics · 2023Article
- Association between Substance Misuse and Outcomes in Critically III Patients with Pneumonia.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2023Article
- [The challenges of managing thoracic pain in cystic fibrosis (CF)].Schmerz (Berlin, Germany) · 2022Review
- Increasing opium use in Iran in response to unsubstantiated rumors that it protects against COVID-19.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Article
- Article
- The Reasons for Higher Mortality Rate in Opium Addicted Patients with COVID-19: A Narrative Review.Iranian journal of public health · 2021Review
- A double-edged sword of using opioids and COVID-19: a toxicological view.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn the current opioid epidemic, opioid addiction and overdose deaths are a public health crisis. Researchers have uncovered other concerning findings related to opioid use, such as the association between prescribed opioids and respiratory infection, including pneumonias. Potential mechanisms include the immunosuppressive effects of certain opioids, respiratory depression, and cough suppression. We conducted a systematic review assessing whether prescribed opioid receipt is a risk factor for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).
methodsA systematic literature search of published studies was conducted using Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Embase, Web of Science, AMED, and CINAHL from database inception through March 11, 2020. We included any clinical trial, cohort, or case-control study that reported an association between prescribed opioid receipt and CAP in adults. Two reviewers independently performed data extraction and quality assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The risk of CAP from prescribed opioid receipt was studied by pooling studies using random effects meta-analysis.
resultsWe identified 3229 studies after removing duplicates. After detailed selection, 33 articles were reviewed in full and eight studies (representing 567,472 patients) met inclusion criteria. The pooled effect for the four case-control studies and three cohort studies showed a significant increase in the risk of CAP requiring hospitalization among those with prescribed opioid receipt compared with those without opioid prescribed receipt (OR 1.57 [95% CI (1.34, 1.84)]; HR 1.18 [95% CI (1.00, 1.40)]).
conclusionThe findings suggest prescribed opioid receipt is a risk factor for CAP. The included studies examined post-operative patients and patients with chronic medical conditions. Further research is needed to examine the impact of opioids on the incidence of CAP in an otherwise healthy population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.