ReviewProgress in retinal and eye research2021
Digital technology, tele-medicine and artificial intelligence in ophthalmology: A global perspective.
Review in Progress in retinal and eye research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 250 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Feasibility of Remote Magnetically Controlled Capsule Endoscopy for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Examination Under Five-generation Network: a Prospective, Open-label, Pilot Trial
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Chatbot-Based Intervention on Enhancing Self-management and Decision Self-efficacy Among Men Having Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms With or Without Erectile Dysfunction in the Post COVID-19 Era
Who cites it
250 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Economic Evaluation of Diabetic Retinopathy Screening in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review.Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Artificial Intelligence Performance in Image-Based Cancer Identification: Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Eye health promotion in multi-sectoral settings: A systematic review of intervention types and effectiveness.F1000Research · 2025Pooled it
- Implementing AI in Hospitals to Achieve a Learning Health System: Systematic Review of Current Enablers and Barriers.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Pooled it
- Performances of artificial intelligence in detecting pathologic myopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Eye (London, England) · 2023Pooled it
- Accuracy and reliability of self-administered visual acuity tests: Systematic review of pragmatic trials.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Video-enhanced training for entrustable professional activities in preclinical oral surgery: a randomized controlled trial.BMC medical education · 2025Trial
- Manhattan Vision Screening and Follow-Up Study: (NYC-SIGHT)Tele-Retinal Image Findings and Importance of Photography.Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association · 2024Trial
- Trial
- The Reliability and Acceptability of RDx-Based Tele-Controlled Subjective Refraction Compared with Traditional Subjective Refraction.Translational vision science & technology · 2022Trial
- I-SCREEN: Development of an AI-based infrastructure for community-wide screening and prediction of progression in age-related macular degeneration providing accessible shared care.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Advances in diagnosing and treating diabetic retinopathy.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Clinical Performance and Implementation of AI-Enabled Paediatric Ophthalmic Screening, Triage, Diagnosis, and Surveillance in Primary, Community, and Referral-Linked Pathways: A Systematic Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Early Detection of Glaucoma and Diabetic Retinopathy in Low-Resource Settings: Barriers and Solutions.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- A hybrid model for early diagnosis of ophthalmology diseases leveraging CNNs, SBOA optimization, and XAI for visualization.Physical and engineering sciences in medicine · 2026Article
- Stakeholder Perspectives of Implementation Barriers of Artificial Intelligence in Eye Care: A qualitative framework-based study.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- Marker-Free, Automated Eyelid Assessment in Thyroid Eye Disease Using Artificial Intelligence: A Multicenter Validation Study.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence-enabled non-invasive cataract diagnosis and grading system using anterior segment images.Chinese medical journal · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence in Ophthalmology: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.Health care science · 2026Review
190 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The simultaneous maturation of multiple digital and telecommunications technologies in 2020 has created an unprecedented opportunity for ophthalmology to adapt to new models of care using tele-health supported by digital innovations. These digital innovations include artificial intelligence (AI), 5th generation (5G) telecommunication networks and the Internet of Things (IoT), creating an inter-dependent ecosystem offering opportunities to develop new models of eye care addressing the challenges of COVID-19 and beyond. Ophthalmology has thrived in some of these areas partly due to its many image-based investigations. Tele-health and AI provide synchronous solutions to challenges facing ophthalmologists and healthcare providers worldwide. This article reviews how countries across the world have utilised these digital innovations to tackle diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, refractive error correction, cataract and other anterior segment disorders. The review summarises the digital strategies that countries are developing and discusses technologies that may increasingly enter the clinical workflow and processes of ophthalmologists. Furthermore as countries around the world have initiated a series of escalating containment and mitigation measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, the delivery of eye care services globally has been significantly impacted. As ophthalmic services adapt and form a "new normal", the rapid adoption of some of telehealth and digital innovation during the pandemic is also discussed. Finally, challenges for validation and clinical implementation are considered, as well as recommendations on future directions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.