ArticleEuropean journal of nutrition2021
Chitosan alleviated menopausal symptoms and modulated the gut microbiota in estrogen-deficient rats.
Article in European journal of nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Water temperature shapes amino acid metabolism to modulate growth and development in crustacean larvae.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota in perimenopausal atherosclerosis: the estrogen-gut-vascular axis and personalized cardiovascular prevention.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Difference of the gut microbiota of premature ovarian insufficiency in two traditional Chinese syndromes.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2025Article
- Biomimetic wrinkled prebiotic microspheres with enhanced intestinal retention for hyperphosphatemia and vascular calcification.Science advances · 2025Article
- Exploring the Potential ofInternational journal of medical sciences · 2025Review
- Unravelling the Crosstalk between Estrogen Deficiency and Gut-biotaDysbiosis in the Development of Diabetes Mellitus.Current diabetes reviews · 2024Review
- Protective Effect of Long-Term Fermented Soybeans with AbundantFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Chitosan Enhances Intestinal Health in Cats by Altering the Composition of Gut Microbiota and Metabolites.Metabolites · 2023Article
- Chitin and omega-3 fatty acids in edible insects have underexplored benefits for the gut microbiome and human health.Nature food · 2023Review
- Improvement of Estrogen Deficiency Symptoms by the Intake of Long-Term Fermented Soybeans (Doenjang) Rich inFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Protective effects ofPharmaceutical biology · 2022Article
- Modulation of the Gut Microbiota in Memory Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease via the Inhibition of the Parasympathetic Nervous System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Beneficial Effect ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Effect and Mechanism of Pharmaceutical Excipients on Berberine to Alleviate Ulcerative Colitis via Regulating Gut Microbiota.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Effect of resistance training with and without vitamin D calcium chitosan nanoparticle supplements on apoptosis markers in ovariectomized rats: An experimental study.International journal of reproductive biomedicine · 2022Article
- Alleviation of Metabolic Disturbance by Substituting Kanjang High inFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Effects of Bile Acid Modulation by Dietary Fat, Cholecystectomy, and Bile Acid Sequestrant on Energy, Glucose, and Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Long-Term Effect of Porcine Brain Enzyme Hydrolysate Intake on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Estrogenic activity and toxicity screening of Damnacanthal nanospheres and their metabolites assessed using anToxicology reports · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeMenopause disturbs energy, glucose, and lipid metabolisms and changes the composition of the gut microbiota, but dietary fibers without phytoestrogens may ameliorate menopausal metabolic disorders. The objective of the present study was to assess whether consuming the prebiotics chitosan and citrus pectin can improve postmenopausal symptoms, possibly by modulating the gut microbiota in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, and the mechanism of action was examined.
methodsThe OVX rats were given 4.5% cellulose (OVX-Control), chitosan (OVX-Chitosan), or citrus pectin (OVX-Pectin) in a 43% fat diet and the sham rats were given the same diet as the OVX-Control for 12 weeks. Sham-operated rats had the same diet as OVX-Control (Normal-Control). Body-weight, visceral fat mass, tail skin temperature, serum 17β-estradiol, glucose intolerance, and insulin tolerance were determined. Gut microbiota in the fecal samples was measured by NGS and analyzed with PICRUSt2. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and metabolomic characteristics of serum were also measured with UPLC-mass spectrometry.
resultsChitosan and citrus pectin were selected because the incubation of rat feces with these two prebiotics in vitro had shown increased butyrate production. OVX-Chitosan reduced the weight, visceral fat content, and tail skin temperature, and OVX-Chitosan and OVX-Pectin improved glucose tolerance, compared to the OVX-Control. Both alleviated dyslipidemia, compared to the OVX-Control. OVX-Chitosan and OVX-Pectin elevated serum propionate and butyrate concentrations but only OVX-Chitosan lowered serum acetate concentrations. In PICRUSt2, chitosan upregulated the functional genes of gut microbiota involved in valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis, whereas the OVX-Control exhibited significantly upregulated lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. OVX-Pectin exhibited increased α-diversity in the fecal bacteria. Metabolomic analysis revealed higher serum urate concentrations in the OVX-Control group than the other groups, and serum arginine and leucine concentrations were higher in the OVX-Chitosan group (P < 0.05).
conclusionChitosan and citrus pectin consumptions improved menopausal symptoms by improving the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota, and serum metabolites and SCFA originating from fecal bacteria. Chitosan was more effective for improving menopausal symptoms than citrus pectin.
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