ReviewCardiovascular drugs and therapy2021
Lopinavir-Ritonavir in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Drug-Drug Interactions with Cardioactive Medications.
Review in Cardiovascular drugs and therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Persistent hepatocyte secretory failure in lopinavir/ritonavir related to drug-induced liver injury: a case report.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Optimizing the Antimicrobial Effects by using Natural Compounds in COVID-19 Management.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Oral P2YEuropean cardiology · 2025Review
- Drug-Drug Interactions in Nosocomial Infections: An Updated Review for Clinicians.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Dicoumarol is an effective post-exposure prophylactic for SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection in human airway epithelium.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Article
- Role of Cytochrome P450 2C9 in COVID-19 Treatment: Current Status and Future Directions.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2023Review
- A comprehensive review on pharmacologic agents, immunotherapies and supportive therapeutics for COVID-19.Narra J · 2022Review
- Cardiovascular Drug Interactions With Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir in Patients With COVID-19: JACC Review Topic of the Week.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2022Review
- The impact of SARS-CoV-2 treatment on the cardiovascular system: an updated review.Inflammopharmacology · 2022Review
- A comprehensive review of adverse events to drugs used in COVID-19 patients: Recent clinical evidence.European journal of clinical investigation · 2022Review
- Drug repurposing for the treatment of COVID-19.Journal of pharmacological sciences · 2022Review
- Ways to Improve Insights into Clindamycin Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics Tailored to Practice.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Prevalence, Management, and Outcome of Atrial Fibrillation and Other Supraventricular Arrhythmias in COVID-19 Patients.Cardiac electrophysiology clinics · 2022Review
- Molecular Insights of SARS-CoV-2 Antivirals Administration: A Balance between Safety Profiles and Impact on Cardiovascular Phenotypes.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- The Chinese herb Styrax triggers pharmacokinetic herb-drug interactionsFrontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Stroke in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Pictorial Overview of the Pathoetiology.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Lopinavir-ritonavir combination is being used for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. A low dose of ritonavir is added to other protease inhibitors to take advantage of potent inhibition of cytochrome (CYP) P450 3A4, thereby significantly increasing the plasma concentration of coadministered lopinavir. Ritonavir also inhibits CYP2D6 and induces CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, and CYP1A2. This potent, time-dependent interference of major hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes by ritonavir leads to several clinically important drug-drug interactions. A number of patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome and acute heart failure may have SARS-CoV-2 infection simultaneously. Lopinavir-ritonavir is added to their prescription of multiple cardiac medications leading to potential drug-drug interactions. Many cardiology, pulmonology, and intensivist physicians have never been exposed to clinical scenarios requiring co-prescription of cardiac and antiviral therapies. Therefore, it is essential to enumerate these drug-drug interactions, to avoid any serious drug toxicity, to consider alternate and safer drugs, and to ensure better patient care.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.