Trial reportNutrition reviews2021
Effects of caloric restriction on human physiological, psychological, and behavioral outcomes: highlights from CALERIE phase 2.
Trial report in Nutrition reviews, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05732935 (Fasting to Provide Energy Needed to Help Adults in Need of Cognitive Enhancement), which is not on this map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Fasting to Provide Energy Needed to Help Adults in Need of Cognitive Enhancement (FASTING ENHANCE)
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of fasting-mimicking diet on markers of autophagy and metabolic health in human subjects.GeroScience · 2026Trial
- Caloric restriction and time-restricted eating in older adults with overweight or obesity: The Health, Aging, and Later-Life Outcomes Pilot Study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Trial
- Association between physical activity energy expenditure and markers of healthspan during prolonged calorie restriction in individuals without obesity: observations from the CALERIE™ phase 2 randomized controlled trial.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025Trial
- Evaluation of a combined, online intervention for binge-type eating disorders and high body weight in young adults.Eating behaviors · 2023Trial
- Body shape perception in men and women without obesity during caloric restriction: a secondary analysis from the CALERIE study.Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2023Trial
- Nutritional quality of calorie restricted diets in the CALERIE™ 1 trial.Experimental gerontology · 2022Trial
- Challenges in defining successful adherence to calorie restriction goals in humans: Results from CALERIE™ 2.Experimental gerontology · 2022Trial
- Association between the FTO rs9939609 single nucleotide polymorphism and dietary adherence during a 2-year caloric restriction intervention: Exploratory analyses from CALERIE™ phase 2.Experimental gerontology · 2021Trial
- Article
- Neurocognitive Aging Following Acute Illness: Pathobiology and a Framework for Developing Neurotherapeutic Agents.Brain and behavior · 2026Review
- Integrating evolutionary theory into a framework for the mechanistic evaluation of candidate anti-aging interventions.Frontiers in aging · 2026Article
- Timing and duration of calorie restriction determine its impact on ovarian aging in female mice.npj aging · 2025Article
- Does Energy Restriction and Loss of Body Fat Account for the Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Cognitive Function?Nutrients · 2025Review
- Basal metabolic rate shapes the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Increasing the health span: unique role for exercise.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2025Review
- Targeting intramyocellular lipids to improve aging muscle function.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Review
- Effects of Silibinin on Delaying Aging inAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- High protein intake causes gene-length-dependent transcriptional decline, shortens lifespan and accelerates ageing in progeroid DNA repair-deficient mice.npj metabolic health and disease · 2025Article
- The impact of continuous calorie restriction and fasting on cognition in adults without eating disorders.Nutrition reviews · 2025Review
- Sustained caloric restriction potentiates insulin action by activating prostacyclin synthase.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) is a strategy that attenuates aging in multiple nonhuman species. The Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) trials are part of a research program aiming to test the effects of CR on aging and longevity biomarkers in humans. Building on CALERIE phase 1, CALERIE phase 2 (CALERIE 2) was the largest study to date to assess sustained CR in healthy humans without obesity. In a 24-month randomized controlled trial comprising 218 participants at baseline, CALERIE 2 showed that moderate CR, 11.9% on average, induced improvements in aging-related biomarkers without adversely affecting psychological or behavioral outcomes. The objectives of this report are to summarize and review the highlights of CALERIE 2 and report previously unpublished results on eating disorder symptoms and cognitive function. This article specifically summarizes the physiological, psychological, aging, behavioral, and safety results of the trial. Also provided are research directions beyond CALERIE 2 that highlight important opportunities to investigate the role of CR in aging, longevity, and health span in humans.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.