ArticlePlant biotechnology journal2021
Lysine biofortification in rice by modulating feedback inhibition of aspartate kinase and dihydrodipicolinate synthase.
Article in Plant biotechnology journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Plant Genetic Engineering: Technological Pathways, Application Scenarios, and Future Directions.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Moderate Regulation of SBEIIb Gene Expression by Editing Cis-Regulatory Elements Enhances the Resistant Starch Content in Rice.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Genome-wide identification of theFrontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Lysine-rich rice enhanced muscle growth and development in young rats.European journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- A distal regulatory element regulates Wx gene expression and the amylose content in rice.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Maternally expressed FERTILIZATION-INDEPENDENT ENDOSPERM1 regulates seed dormancy and aleurone development in rice.The Plant cell · 2024Article
- Multiomics of a rice population identifies genes and genomic regions that bestow low glycemic index and high protein content.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Advances in RNA Interference for Plant Functional Genomics: Unveiling Traits, Mechanisms, and Future Directions.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Review
- New Insights into the Genetic Basis of Lysine Accumulation in Rice Revealed by Multi-Model GWAS.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Genetic biofortification: advancing crop nutrition to tackle hidden hunger.Functional & integrative genomics · 2024Review
- Identification and Regulation of Hypoxia-Tolerant and Germination-Related Genes in Rice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Differences in cooking taste and physicochemical properties between compound nutritional rice and common rice.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Lysine content and its relationship with protein content inFood chemistry: X · 2023Article
- Combined Hybridization and Evaluation of High-Lysine Rice: Nutritional and Physicochemical Qualities and Field Performance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Amino Acids in Rice Grains and Their Regulation by Polyamines and Phytohormones.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- New Insight into Aspartate Metabolic Pathways inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Genes and Their Molecular Functions Determining Seed Structure, Components, and Quality of Rice.Rice (New York, N.Y.) · 2022Review
- Mining of Potential Gene Resources for Breeding Nutritionally Improved Maize.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Comparative Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis Provides New Insights Into the Mechanism of Protein Synthesis in Kenaf (Frontiers in plant science · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Lysine is the main limiting essential amino acid (EAA) in the rice seeds, which is a major energy and nutrition source for humans and livestock. In higher plants, the rate-limiting steps in lysine biosynthesis pathway are catalysed by two key enzymes, aspartate kinase (AK) and dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHDPS), and both are extremely sensitive to feedback inhibition by lysine. In this study, two rice AK mutants (AK1 and AK2) and five DHDPS mutants (DHDPS1-DHDPS5), all single amino acid substitution, were constructed. Their protein sequences passed an allergic sequence-based homology alignment. Mutant proteins were recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli, and all were insensitive to the lysine analog S-(2-aminoethyl)-l-cysteine (AEC) at concentrations up to 12 mm. The AK and DHDPS mutants were transformed into rice, and free lysine was elevated in mature seeds of transgenic plants, especially those expressing AK2 or DHDPS1, 6.6-fold and 21.7-fold higher than the wild-type (WT) rice, respectively. We then engineered 35A2D1L plants by simultaneously expressing modified AK2 and DHDPS1, and inhibiting rice LKR/SDH (lysine ketoglutaric acid reductase/saccharopine dehydropine dehydrogenase). Free lysine levels in two 35A2D1L transgenic lines were 58.5-fold and 39.2-fold higher than in WT and transgenic rice containing native AK and DHDPS, respectively. Total free amino acid and total protein content were also elevated in 35A2D1L transgenic rice. Additionally, agronomic performance analysis indicated that transgenic lines exhibited normal plant growth, development and seed appearance comparable to WT plants. Thus, AK and DHDPS mutants may be used to improve the nutritional quality of rice and other cereal grains.
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Registered trials
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