ReviewSeminars in immunopathology2020
Stress reduction strategies in breast cancer: review of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic based strategies.
Review in Seminars in immunopathology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effect of Theory-Guided Positive Psychological Interventions for Patients With Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical nursing · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review and exploration of clinical application of liver depression syndrome in breast cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- The efficacy of internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for psychological health and quality of life among breast cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of the association between post-traumatic stress disorder and cancer risk.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Complementary Therapies in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Identification of Symptom Profiles in Prostate Cancer Survivors.Oncology nursing forum · 2025Trial
- Effects of the CALM intervention on cancer-related fatigue and heart rate variability in NSCLC: a randomized trial.Future oncology (London, England) · 2024Trial
- Review
- Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation in breast cancer: a neuroimmune model to improve quality of life.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Association between chronic stress-related amygdala metabolic activity and distant metastasis in colorectal cancer.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Evidence-Based Perspectives on Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Cancer Treatment: Current Advances and Clinical Relevance.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2026Review
- Inhibition of Adrenergic Agonist-Induced Metastatic Potential in Cancer Cells by an Ethanolic Extract ofJournal of pharmacopuncture · 2025Article
- Four-dimensional data independent acquisition proteomics and metabolomics reveal mechanisms of hydrogen-rich water at Zusanli (ST36) point against triple-negative breast cancer in mice.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2025Article
- Review
- Allostatic Load and Racial and Rural Disparities in Breast Cancer Survival.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Implementing Lifestyle Medicine in Cancer Survivorship: A Narrative Review of Global Models.American journal of lifestyle medicine · 2025Article
- Insights Into Heart-Tumor Interactions in Heart Failure.Circulation research · 2025Review
- Non-Pharmacological Mitigation of Acute Mental Stress-Induced Sympathetic Arousal: Comparison Between Median Nerve Stimulation and Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Chronic Psychological Stress Activates TRP/TAM/CXCL1 Signaling to Promote Breast Cancer Adipocyte Lipolysis via KEAP1 mResearch (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women. It is associated with multiple symptoms in both patients and caregivers, such as stress, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance, and fatigue. Stress appears to promote cancer progression via activation of the sympathetic nervous system releasing epinephrine and norepinephrine as well as activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis releasing cortisol. These stress hormones have been shown to promote the proliferation of cancer cells. This review focuses on stress-reducing strategies which may decrease cancer progression by abrogating these pathways, with a main focus on the β-adrenergic signaling pathway. Patients utilize both non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic strategies to reduce stress. Non-pharmacologic stress-reduction strategies include complementary and alternative medicine techniques, such as meditation, yoga, acupuncture, exercise, use of natural products, support groups and psychology counseling, herbal compounds, and multivitamins. Pharmacologic strategies include abrogating the β2-adrenergic receptor signaling pathway to antagonize epinephrine and norepinephrine action on tumor and immune cells. β-Blocker drugs may play a role in weakening the pro-migratory and pro-metastatic effects induced by stress hormones in cancer and strengthening the anti-tumor immune response. Preclinical models have shown that non-selective β1/2-blocker use is associated with a decrease in tumor growth and metastases and clinical studies have suggested their positive impact on decreasing breast cancer recurrence and mortality. Thus, non-pharmacological approaches, along with pharmacological therapies part of clinical trials are available to cancer patients to reduce stress, and have promise to break the cycle of cancer and stress.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.