SynthesisJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2020
Does Gender Influence the Relationship Between High Blood Pressure and Dementia? Highlighting Areas for Further Investigation.
Synthesis in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is hypertension negatively associated with memory performance in women during climacteric? A systematic review.BMC women's health · 2025Pooled it
- Blood Pressure, Antihypertensive Use, and Late-Life Alzheimer and Non-Alzheimer Dementia Risk: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis.Neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Use of Antihypertensives, Blood Pressure, and Estimated Risk of Dementia in Late Life: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between orthostatic hypotension and mild cognitive impairment and dementia in Parkinson's disease.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2023Pooled it
- Rising Comorbid Alzheimer's and Hypertension Mortality in Older Adults in the United States: Trends and Disparities From a 21-Year CDC WONDER Analysis (1999-2019).Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2026Article
- Blood pressure polygenic score, cardiorespiratory fitness and odds of dementia: the HUNT Study.Age and ageing · 2026Article
- Sex differences in modifiable risk factors of dementia and their associations with cognition.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Impact of long-term systolic blood pressure on cognitive disorder risk: Across different age groups and antihypertensive medication timing.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Observational
- Cardiovascular contributions to dementia: Examining sex differences and female-specific factors.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Review
- Effect Modifiers of the Association of Blood Pressure With Brain Amyloid and Tau Pathology.Neurology · 2025Article
- Sex-Dependent Effects of Cardiometabolic Health andNeurology · 2024Article
- Leukocyte telomere length and memory circuitry and cognition in early aging: Impact of sex and menopausal status.Hormones and behavior · 2024Article
- Longitudinal Patterns of Systolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Their Association With Dementia Risk: The HUNT Study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024Article
- The 2022 symposium on dementia and brain aging in low- and middle-income countries: Highlights on research, diagnosis, care, and impact.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Review
- Change in physical activity and systolic blood pressure trajectories throughout mid-life and the development of dementia in older age: the HUNT study.European review of aging and physical activity : official journal of the European Group for Research into Elderly and Physical Activity · 2023Article
- Vascular function in hypertension: does gender dimension matter?Journal of human hypertension · 2023Review
- Sex-based differences in effector cells of the adaptive immune system during Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.Neurobiology of disease · 2023Review
- Neuroimaging, clinical and life course correlates of normal-appearing white matter integrity in 70-year-olds.Brain communications · 2023Article
- Subjective cognitive decline is a better marker for future cognitive decline in females than in males.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2022Article
- Consideration of sex and gender in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders from a global perspective.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGender differences have been noted in studies linking blood pressure to all-cause dementia, and the two most common forms of dementia: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). However, how gender modifies the relationship between blood pressure and dementia remains unclear.
objectiveTo review evidence for a gender modifying effect on the link between blood pressure and all-cause dementia.
methodsA systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Sixteen out of 256 reviewed articles met inclusion criteria.
resultsFor women, higher midlife systolic blood pressure (SBP) and hypertension were both associated with greater risk of all-cause dementia, AD, and VaD, in six out of seven studies. Two of these studies reported higher midlife SBP/hypertension were associated with greater risk for all-cause dementia in women, but not men. One study reported higher midlife SBP associated with greater AD risk in women, but not men. However, another study reported that midlife hypertension associated with AD risk in men, but not women. No clear gender differences were reported in the relationship between late-life high blood pressure/hypertension with all-cause dementia or AD.
conclusionStudies rarely, and inconsistently, analyzed or reported gender effects. Therefore, interpretation of available evidence regarding the role of gender in blood pressure associated dementia was difficult. Several studies indicated higher midlife SBP was associated with greater risk of all-cause dementia for women, compared to men. Future studies should evaluate women-specific aging processes that occur in midlife when considering the association between blood pressure and dementia risk.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.