ReviewNature reviews. Nephrology2021
Food as medicine: targeting the uraemic phenotype in chronic kidney disease.
Review in Nature reviews. Nephrology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 106 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
106 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 218 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-Pharmacological Interventions Aimed at Changing the Gut Microbiota for Preventing the Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Plant-based diet in hyperkalemic chronic kidney disease patients receiving sodium zirconium cyclosilicate: a feasibility clinical trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Trial
- Curcumin supplementation improves oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers in patients undergoing hemodialysis: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.International urology and nephrology · 2022Trial
- Impact of Curcuma longa L. extract supplementation on the gut microbiota of hemodialysis patients.Jornal brasileiro de nefrologiaTrial
- Combined effects of diet and genetic predisposition on kidney function outcomes.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- The role of gut microbiota-mitochondrial crosstalk in kidney disease: a bibliometric analysis.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- Ultra-Processed Foods and Chronic Kidney Disease: Is Inflammaging the Missing Link?Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Chronic Kidney Disease and Cellular Senescence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Dietary inflammatory index in relation to incident CKD: A prospective study of UK Biobank participants.PloS one · 2026Article
- The role of gut dysbiosis in endocrine and metabolic derangements of chronic kidney disease: mechanisms, controversies, and future perspectives.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- The role of mitochondria in the gut-kidney axis: implications for kidney health.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- A guide to uraemic toxicity.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- Nutrient intake and renal cancer: molecular pathways and mechanistic insights into the protective role of dietary components.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Ignoring the planet: A critical blind spot for research on ageing.Journal of internal medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Effects of the Brazilian Native Fruit Jaboticaba (Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Nutritional Status Evaluation and Intervention in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: Practical Approach.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Article
- From phytochemicals to recipes: health indications and culinary uses of herbs and spices.NPJ science of food · 2025Article
- The Exposome and the Kidney: A Silent Dialogue Shaping Chronic Kidney Disease.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Review
46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The observation that unhealthy diets (those that are low in whole grains, fruits and vegetables, and high in sugar, salt, saturated fat and ultra-processed foods) are a major risk factor for poor health outcomes has boosted interest in the concept of 'food as medicine'. This concept is especially relevant to metabolic diseases, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), in which dietary approaches are already used to ameliorate metabolic and nutritional complications. Increased awareness that toxic uraemic metabolites originate not only from intermediary metabolism but also from gut microbial metabolism, which is directly influenced by diet, has fuelled interest in the potential of 'food as medicine' approaches in CKD beyond the current strategies of protein, sodium and phosphate restriction. Bioactive nutrients can alter the composition and metabolism of the microbiota, act as modulators of transcription factors involved in inflammation and oxidative stress, mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction, act as senolytics and impact the epigenome by altering one-carbon metabolism. As gut dysbiosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, premature ageing and epigenetic changes are common features of CKD, these findings suggest that tailored, healthy diets that include bioactive nutrients as part of the foodome could potentially be used to prevent and treat CKD and its complications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.