Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32979155›Full record

ArticleBiogerontology2021

Spermidine, a caloric restriction mimetic, provides neuroprotection against normal and D-galactose-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis through activation of autophagy in male rats during aging.

Sandeep Singh, Raushan Kumar, Geetika Garg, Abhishek Kumar Singh, Avnish Kumar Verma, Akalabya Bissoyi, Syed Ibrahim Rizvi

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Article in Biogerontology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
2.8field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Spermidine in Alzheimer's Disease: Evidence from Animal Models and Human Studies.Degenerative neurological and neuromuscular disease · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Coenzyme QMetabolic brain disease · 2025
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Sandeep SinghDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India.
Raushan KumarDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India.
Geetika GargDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India.
Abhishek Kumar SinghAmity Institute of Neuropsychology and Neurosciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India.
Avnish Kumar VermaDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India.
Akalabya BissoyiDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, 492010, India.
Syed Ibrahim RizviDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India. sirizvi@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0001-8978-825X
University of Allahabad · INAmity University · INNational Institute of Technology Raipur · IN

Funding

Science and Engineering Research Board EMR/2016/006470
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Spermidine (SPD) is a natural polyamine present in all living organisms and is involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis by inducing autophagy in different model organisms. Its role as a caloric restriction mimetic (CRM) is still being investigated. We have undertaken this study to investigate whether SPD, acting as a CRM, can confer neuroprotection in D-galactose induced accelerated senescence model rat and naturally aged rats through modulation of autophagy and inflammation. Young male rats (4 months), D-gal induced (500 mg/kg b.w., subcutaneously) aging and naturally aged (22 months) male rats were supplemented with SPD (10 mg/kg b.w., orally) for 6 weeks. Standard protocols were employed to measure prooxidants, antioxidants, apoptotic cell death and electron transport chain complexes in brain tissues. Gene expression analysis with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to assess the expression of autophagy and inflammatory marker genes. Our data demonstrate that SPD significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased the level of pro-oxidants and increased the level of antioxidants. SPD supplementation also augmented the activities of electron transport chain complexes in aged brain mitochondria thus proving its antioxidant potential at the level of mitochondria. RT-PCR data revealed that SPD up-regulated the expression of autophagy genes (ATG-3, Beclin-1, ULK-1 and LC3B) and down-regulated the expression of the inflammatory gene (IL-6) in aging brain. Our results provide first line of evidence that SPD provides neuroprotection against aging-induced oxidative stress by regulating autophagy, antioxidants level and also reduces neuroinflammation. These results suggest that SPD may be beneficial for neuroprotection during aging and age-related disorders.

Indexed as

GalactoseSpermidineAgingAnimalsApoptosisAutophagyCaloric RestrictionMaleNeuroprotectionOxidative StressRatsGalactoseSpermidineAgingApoptosisAutophagyCaloric restriction mimeticsSpermidine

Identifiers

PMID32979155
OpenAlexW3088412580

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.