ArticleAIDS and behavior2021
Inflammation in Relation to Intensity and Duration of Cigarette Smoking Among People Living with HIV.
Article in AIDS and behavior, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effects of switching to the standardized research electronic cigarette in people with HIV who smoke in the United States.Preventive medicine · 2025Trial
- Evaluating immunological and inflammatory changes of treatment-experienced people living with HIV switching from first-line triple cART regimens to DTG/3TCFrontiers in immunology · 2023Trial
- Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Effects of a Video-Based Intervention for Smoking Cessation Among People with HIV in Kathmandu, Nepal: A Single-Armed Pilot Study.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- HIV-associated lung disease.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2023Review
- Effects of Electronic Cigarette Use on Cardiovascular-Disease-Related Inflammatory Biomarkers in Smokers with HIV in a Switching Study in the United States.Pharmacoepidemiology · 2023Article
- Tobacco Use among HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Women and Men in Zambia-Demographic and Health Survey, 2018.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Coagulation status and determinants of possible aspirin resistance in patients with essential thrombocythemia.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Both inflammation and smoking are independent predictors of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV (PLHIV). As smoking burden is likely to exacerbate inflammation, we tested the hypothesis that higher intensity and longer duration of smoking are positively associated with C-reactive protein (CRP, an inflammatory marker) among 284 PLHIV in Kathmandu, Nepal. We measured smoking status, intensity of smoking, smoking duration, and CRP concentrations. In total, 22.9% of never smokers, 24.3% former smokers, and 34.1% current smokers had high CRP (> 3 mg/l). The median intensity and duration of smoking were 12 (cigarettes/day) and 19 years, respectively. Intensity of smoking (beta for increase in number of cigarettes/day: β = 0.245; p = 0.017), smoking duration (beta for 1-year increase in smoking: β = 0.341; p = 0.013), and pack-years of smoking (beta for 1-pack-years of smoking increase: β = 0.351; p = 0.002) were each positively associated with CRP concentrations. While quitting is important, reducing the intensity and duration of smoking until quitting might be helpful in reducing the levels of inflammation, thereby in mitigating HIV-related harms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.