ArticleEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority2020
Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food.
Article in EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 344 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
344 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances exposure and risk of gastrointestinal cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP) · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of evidence that environmental contaminant exposure impedes weight loss and glycemic control during calorie-restricted diets in humans.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025Pooled it
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure and thyroid cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Toxicology letters · 2024Pooled it
- Childhood PFAS exposure and immunotoxicity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of human studies.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Serum concentrations of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in Danish pregnant women-temporal trends during pregnancy, correlations with partners, associations with physical activity, and blood lipid concentrations.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2025Trial
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in commercially important marine species of fish and shellfish from Alaska and implications for human exposure.Toxicology reports · 2026Article
- A Legacy of Exposure: Lactational PFAS Transfer and Early-Life Accumulation in Northern Elephant Seals.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- No clear evidence of PFAS-induced immunomodulation in SARS-CoV-2-specific human T cell responses following vaccination.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Exposure Profiles and Their Predictors in a Study of US Volunteer Firefighters.American journal of industrial medicine · 2026Article
- Analysis of transcriptomic alterations induced by 33 different per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in differentiated HepaRG cells.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- A human PBMC-based new approach method reveals PFAS-driven T-cell proliferation and immune dysregulation.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Article
- Contribution of Indoor Air and Dust to Children's Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Exposure in the Faroe Islands.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Cumulative exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from eggs and egg products in Europe: application of relative potency factors.Italian journal of food safety · 2026Article
- Unsupervised dietary-behavioral profiling identifies PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) and metal exposure patterns in Korean adults.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Investigation of the Effects of Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Exposure on Interleukin-17 Signalling and Poly(I:C)-Induced Lung Inflammation in BALB/c Mice.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Article
- Beyond Nutrient Profiling: Strengths, Limitations, and Emerging Challenges for Nutri-Score and Related Front-of-Pack Labeling Systems.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Stuffed toys as a source of oral PFAS exposure: Migration into artificial saliva and exposure assessment.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- A Review on Environmental Occurrence and Toxicity of Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Its Selected Short-Chain Analogs-Perfluorohexanoic Acid and Perfluorobutanoic Acid.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Occurrence of PFAS in municipal drinking water: a participatory case study in London, UK.Environmental science. Advances · 2026Article
284 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
31 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific evaluation on the risks to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in food. Based on several similar effects in animals, toxicokinetics and observed concentrations in human blood, the CONTAM Panel decided to perform the assessment for the sum of four PFASs: PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS and PFOS. These made up half of the lower bound (LB) exposure to those PFASs with available occurrence data, the remaining contribution being primarily from PFASs with short half-lives. Equal potencies were assumed for the four PFASs included in the assessment. The mean LB exposure in adolescents and adult age groups ranged from 3 to 22, the 95th percentile from 9 to 70 ng/kg body weight (bw) per week. Toddlers and 'other children' showed a twofold higher exposure. Upper bound exposure was 4- to 49-fold higher than LB levels, but the latter were considered more reliable. 'Fish meat', 'Fruit and fruit products' and 'Eggs and egg products' contributed most to the exposure. Based on available studies in animals and humans, effects on the immune system were considered the most critical for the risk assessment. From a human study, a lowest BMDL
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.