ReviewAnnals of medicine2021
Bacterial and viral infections and related inflammatory responses in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Review in Annals of medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk prediction models for postoperative infections in patients with hip fractures: a systematic review and critical appraisal.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
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- Effects ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
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- <p>Cigarette smoke combined withMolecular medicine reports · 2026Article
- 28-Day Mortality and Prognostic Factors in COPD Patients with Sepsis: A Retrospective Study Using eICU-CRD Database.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Article
- Impact of Severe Vitamin D Deficiency on Antibiotic Use in Hospitalized COPD Patients with Exacerbations: A Retrospective Analysis.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Article
- Cell death in uveitis: pyroptosis, ferroptosis, apoptosis, and beyond.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Fabrication of N-acetylcysteine-loaded chitosan-cloaked polyphenol nanoparticles for treatment of pediatric pneumonia and acute lung injury.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- One-Step Synthesized Folic Acid-Based Carbon Dots: A Biocompatible Nanomaterial for the Treatment of Bacterial Infections in Lung Pathologies.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Acupuncture Modulation of the Lung-Brain Axis in Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Application of targeted metagenomic next-generation sequencing in pneumonia patients.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Iodothyronine deiodinases in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - preliminary results.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2025Observational
- Integrative Transcriptomic and Network Pharmacology Analysis Reveals Key Targets and Mechanisms ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Lung Delivery of Lactose-Free Microparticles Loaded with Azithromycin for the Treatment of Bacterial Infections.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Hidden in plain sight: the impact of human rhinovirus infection in adults.Respiratory research · 2025Review
- Anthocyanin-Rich Fraction from Kum Akha Black Rice Attenuates NLRP3 Inflammasome-Driven Lung Inflammation In Vitro and In Vivo.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra Ct Value: A Quick Indicator of Sputum Bacillary Load and Smear Status Prediction in Individuals with Pulmonary Tuberculosis.The East African health research journal · 2025Article
- Predictive score for in-hospital mortality in patients with severe acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, bacterial and viral infections play a relevant role in worsening lung function and, therefore, favour disease progression. The inflammatory response to lung infections may become a specific indication of the bacterial and viral infections. We here review data on the bacterial-viral infections and related airways and lung parenchyma inflammation in stable and exacerbated COPD, focussing our attention on the prevalent molecular pathways in these different clinical conditions. The roles of macrophages, autophagy and NETosis are also briefly discussed in the context of lung infections in COPD. Controlling their combined response may restore a balanced lung homeostasis, reducing the risk of lung function decline. KEY MESSAGE Bacteria and viruses can influence the responses of the innate and adaptive immune system in the lung of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The relationship between viruses and bacterial colonization, and the consequences of the imbalance of these components can modulate the inflammatory state of the COPD lung. The complex actions involving immune trigger cells, which activate innate and cell-mediated inflammatory responses, could be responsible for the clinical consequences of irreversible airflow limitation, lung remodelling and emphysema in COPD patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.