ArticleBiological psychiatry2021
Long-Term Cocaine Self-administration Produces Structural Brain Changes That Correlate With Altered Cognition.
Article in Biological psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- The resting-state brain activity signatures for addictive disorders.Med (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Pooled it
- The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in smoking cue-reactivity in onset phase of smoking behavior, a fMRI study in adolescents.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- From Neuroadaptation to Neuroprogression: Rethinking Chronic Cocaine Exposure Through a Model of Cocaine-Related Cerebropathy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- The mesocorticolimbic system in stimulant use disorder.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Review
- Melanin-Concentrating Hormone (MCH): Role in Mediating Reward-Motivated and Emotional Behavior and the Behavioral Disturbances Produced by Repeated Exposure to Reward Substances.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Protective Effects of N-Acetylcysteine in Alleviating Cocaine-Mediated Microglial Activation and Neuroinflammation.Biology · 2025Article
- Cognitive performance as a behavioral phenotype associated with cocaine self-administration in female and male socially housed monkeys.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- The selective DNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Chronic Cocaine Use and Parkinson's Disease: An Interpretative Model.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Modeling impaired insight after drug use in rodents.Behavioral neuroscience · 2024Review
- Structural brain changes associated with cocaine use and digital cognitive behavioral therapy in cocaine use disorder treatment.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2024Article
- Cocaine self-administration behavior is associated with subcortical and cortical morphometry measures in individuals with cocaine use disorder.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2024Article
- Article
- Decreased consumption of natural rewards in rhesus monkeys with prolonged methamphetamine abstinence.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- A Longitudinal Investigation of Blood Neurofilament Light Chain Levels in Chronic Cocaine Users.Molecular neurobiology · 2023Article
- Prolonged exposure to cocaine self-administration results in a continued progression of alterations in functional activity in a nonhuman primate model.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2023Article
- Common and distinct fronto-striatal volumetric changes in heroin and cocaine use disorders.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2023Article
- Residual deficits in functional brain activity after chronic cocaine self-administration in rhesus monkeys.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Article
- The Mexican magnetic resonance imaging dataset of patients with cocaine use disorder: SUDMEX CONN.Scientific data · 2022Article
- Alterations of Stress-Related Glucocorticoids and Endocannabinoids in Hair of Chronic Cocaine Users.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAn enduring question from cross-sectional clinical studies is whether the structural and functional differences often observed between cocaine users and healthy control subjects result from a history of drug use or instead reflect preexisting differences. To assess causality from drug exposure, true predrug baseline imaging and neurocognitive assessments are needed.
methodsWe addressed this fundamental question of causality using longitudinal anatomical magnetic resonance imaging and neurocognitive assessments in rhesus macaques. Cognitive tasks employed were stimulus reversal learning as a measure of cognitive flexibility/inhibitory control and delayed match to sample as a measure of visual working memory. Time points examined were before and following 12 months of chronic cocaine (n = 8) or water (n = 6) self-administration. A magnetic resonance imaging-only time point was also obtained following 2 years of forced abstinence.
resultsWe identified localized patterns of gray matter density (GMD) changes that were largely concordant with cross-sectional clinical studies. These included decreases in orbitofrontal cortex, insula, amygdala, and temporal cortex. There was also a prominent increase in GMD in the caudate putamen. GMD decreases were significantly correlated with cognitive impairments across individuals only in select cortical regions. Following abstinence, changes in GMD in some regions, including the orbitofrontal cortex, insula, and amygdala, were persistent and thus may play an important role in risk of relapse following extended abstinence.
conclusionsCocaine use is causal in producing regional changes in GMD, and those changes appear to drive cognitive impairments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.