ReviewClinical pharmacology and therapeutics2021
Circadian Variation in Efficacy of Medications.
Review in Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Challenges and Recommendations for Integrating Circadian Medicine in Critical Care: A Roadmap.Chest · 2026Guideline
- Single- and Multiple-dose Pharmacokinetics, Excretion, Metabolism, and Safety of the Antivirulence Agent Fluorothiazinone in Healthy Adults.Pharmaceutical research · 2025Trial
- Circadian Regulation and Pain: A Systematic Review of the Association Between Rest-Activity Rhythm and Pain-Related Outcomes.Clocks & sleep · 2026Review
- Optimizing oral contraceptive timing: Daytime intake reduces doses and enhances efficacy.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- The Role of BMAL1 in Regulating Circadian Rhythms During Airway Remodeling in Asthma.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- Circadian rhythm in gastrointestinal cancer: clinical applications and future perspectives.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Nanomaterial-enabled drug delivery systems for circadian medicine: bridging direct rhythm modulation and chronotherapy.RSC advances · 2025Review
- Reviewing the complex relationship between circadian rhythms and cluster headache.Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache · 2025Review
- Circadian attributes of neurological and psychiatric disorders as basis for their medication chronotherapy.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2025Review
- Circadian Biomarkers in Humans: Methodological Insights into the Detection of Melatonin and Cortisol.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Mechanistic insights into chemotherapy-induced circadian disruption using rodent models.Trends in neurosciences · 2025Review
- Chemical interplay between gut microbiota and epigenetics: Implications in circadian biology.Cell chemical biology · 2025Review
- Temporal therapy utilizing exosomes derived from M2 macrophages demonstrates enhanced efficacy in alleviating neuropathic pain in diabetic rats.The Korean journal of pain · 2025Article
- Article
- Researchers need to better address time-of-day as a critical biological variable.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Using routinely collected clinical data for circadian medicine: A review of opportunities and challenges.PLOS digital health · 2024Review
- A review for the impacts of circadian disturbance on urological cancers.Sleep and biological rhythms · 2024Review
- Time of day bias for biological sampling in studies of mammary cancer.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Diabetic Neuropathic Pain and Circadian Rhythm: A Future Direction Worthy of Study.Journal of pain research · 2024Review
- Therapeutic Aspects of Circadian Rhythms.Biomolecules · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Although much has been learned about circadian clocks and rhythms over the past few decades, translation of this foundational science underlying the temporal regulation of physiology and behavior to clinical applications has been slow. Indeed, acceptance of the modern study of circadian rhythms has been blunted because the phenomenology of cyclic changes had to counteract the 20th century dogma of homeostasis in the biological sciences and medicine. We are providing this review of clinical data to highlight the emerging awareness of circadian variation in efficacy of medications for physicians, clinicians, and pharmacists. We are suggesting that gold-standard double-blind clinical studies should be conducted to determine the best time of day for optimal effectiveness of medications; also, we suggest that time of day should be tracked and reported as an important biological variable in ongoing clinical studies hereafter. Furthermore, we emphasize that time of day is, and should be considered, a key biological variable in research design similar to sex. In common with biomedical research data that have been historically strongly skewed toward the male sex, most pharmaceutical data have been skewed toward morning dosing without strong evidence that this is the optimal time of efficacy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.