Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33030304›Full record

Trial reportPhysiological reports2020

Circulating lipids in men with type 2 diabetes following 3 days on a carbohydrate-free diet versus 3 days of fasting.

Frank Q Nuttall, Rami M Almokayyad, Mary C Gannon

Open access · goldAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Physiological reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
0.2field-weighted citation impact, top 44% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 3 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Review
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Frank Q NuttallSection of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Nutrition, and the Metabolic Research Laboratory, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Rami M AlmokayyadSection of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Nutrition, and the Metabolic Research Laboratory, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Mary C GannonSection of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Nutrition, and the Metabolic Research Laboratory, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5460-2478
University of Minnesota · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveWe have been interested in determining the effects of dietary changes on fuel metabolism and regulation in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, the changes in 24-hr circulating lipid profiles were determined when the major fuel source was endogenous versus exogenous fat.

methodsSeven males with T2DM were randomized in a crossover design with a 4-week washout period. A standard mixed (control) diet (30%fat:15%protein:55%carbohydrate) was provided initially. Subsequently, a 72-hr (3-day) fast, or a high fat (85%), 15% protein, essentially carbohydrate-free (CHO-free) diet was provided for 72 hr. Triacylglycerol (TAG), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (bHB), and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) profiles were determined during the last 24 hr of intervention, as well as during the control diet.

resultsRegardless of the amount of dietary fat (30% vs 85%) and differences in 24-hr profiles, TAG, NEFA, and bHB all returned to the previous basal concentrations within 24 hr. TAGs and NEFAs changed only modestly with fasting; bHB was elevated and increasing. The IGFBP-1 profile was essentially unchanged with either diet but increased with fasting.

conclusionA CHO-free diet resulted in a large increase in TAG and NEFA versus the control diet; however, both were cleared by the following morning. A negative NEFA profile occurred with the control diet. Thus, mechanisms are present to restore lipid concentrations to their original AM concentrations daily. Fasting resulted in stable concentrations, except for a continuing increase in bHB. Glucose and insulin, common fuel regulators, could not explain the results.

Indexed as

3-Hydroxybutyric AcidAgedBiomarkersBlood GlucoseCross-Over StudiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diet, Carbohydrate-RestrictedFastingFatty Acids, NonesterifiedHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisTriglycerides3-Hydroxybutyric AcidBiomarkersBlood GlucoseFatty Acids, NonesterifiedTriglyceridescarbohydrate-free diethigh fat dietnon-esterified fatty acidstriacylglycerol

Identifiers

PMID33030304
PMCPMC7543058
OpenAlexW3092113257

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.